2022 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report
Integrated analysis of mineral ion dynamics in rice crop exposed to acute herbivory stress
| Project/Area Number |
21H02196
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| Research Institution | Okayama University |
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Principal Investigator |
Ivan Galis 岡山大学, 資源植物科学研究所, 教授 (90360502)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
網干 貴子 山形大学, 農学部, 准教授 (20746705)
三谷 奈見季 岡山大学, 資源植物科学研究所, 准教授 (40581020)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2021-04-01 – 2024-03-31
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| Keywords | Mineral / Herbivory / Defense |
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| Outline of Annual Research Achievements |
We have been focusing on the role of silicon (Si), nickel (Ni) and heavy metal cadmium (Cd), and amino acid transport, in response to insect feeding. (1) The role of Si was investigated using hydroponic culture system supplied with Si and without Si. Larvae of chewing herbivore Mythimna loreyi performed significantly better on Si-free rice that confirmed previous reports. We further determined the minimum time for Si supply that was sufficient to restore anti-herbivore resistance in rice. We also investigated the role of Si in release of volatile signals from rice and effect of Si on gene expression in rice. (2) We found that Ni uptake can be stimulated by herbivore feeding. Therefore, a possibly new role of Ni in defense was investigated. In particular, a possible connection between function of Ni as a cofactor of urease enzyme in nitrogen metabolism was proposed. This was further supported by finding that the expression of urea transporter in rice is stimulated by insect herbivory. (3) Additionally, we investigated the role of Cd in direct plant defense based on the observation that Cd uptake was transiently induced in rice after attack of chewing and sucking herbivores. (4) T0 generation of CRISPR/Cas9 knock-out line of a highly inducible amino acid transporter by herbivory was constructed. (5) The role of nitrogen containing metabolites in plant defense was carried out by Dr. Aboshi. (6) The role of Si transporters in rice has been further clarified by Dr. Mitani, in particular the role of SIET proteins.
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| Current Status of Research Progress |
Current Status of Research Progress
1: Research has progressed more than it was originally planned.
Reason
All experiments planned for FY2022 have been completed. There is no particular problem to be reported in this period.
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| Strategy for Future Research Activity |
(1) We will continue in establishment of Si role in anti-herbivore defense. In particular, we will be focusing on temporal and spatial aspects of Si distribution in rice plant with/ and without herbivore attack. (2) We will be focusing on ammonia metabolism in herbivore attacked rice based on the finding that Ni and urea can be involved in plant defense against herbivores. We will study expression of genes in ammonia cycle (ammonia transporter family, arginases, urea transporters, urease, Ni transporters, glutamine synthetases). We will measure ammonia in plant tissues and headspace. The content of arginine and glutamine in herbivore attacked rice will be examined by GC-MS. (3) Mechanisms of potentiation of herbivore damage by Cd will be examined. In particular, we will focus on the role of reactive oxygen species evolved in response to Cd and involvement of plant stress hormones (JA, SA, ABA). (4) Characterization of CRISPR/Cas9 amino acid transporter line will be carried out. (5) Mitani group will further contribute to elucidation of various rice Si transporters in defense. (6) Aboshi group will focus on isolation and characterization of novel nitrogenous metabolites in plant defense and synthesis of novel defense compounds for their biological testing.
Publications will be submitted and data presented in conference presentations. The activity of the group and role of minerals in defense will be introduced to broad public in the IPSR Open campus in May 2023.
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[Presentation] Systemic defense against herbivores in rice: Not really the case2022
Author(s)
Galis, I., Kuwabara, T., Hojo, Y., Wari, D. and Shinya, T.
Organizer
3rd ISCE-APACE Joint Meeting, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (Online)
Int'l Joint Research
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