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2023 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Elucidation of the role of cholesterol sulfate in tumor immune privilege formation and its application for drug development

Research Project

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Project/Area Number 21H02430
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 43030:Functional biochemistry-related
Research InstitutionKyushu University

Principal Investigator

Uruno Takehito  九州大学, 生体防御医学研究所, 准教授 (80532093)

Project Period (FY) 2021-04-01 – 2024-03-31
Keywords腫瘍免疫 / メタボライト / コレステロール硫酸 / 免疫回避 / SULT
Outline of Final Research Achievements

This study identified cholesterol sulfate (CS) and its producing enzyme SULT2B1 as a novel tumor immune evasion mechanism that contributes to resistance to cancer immunotherapy. The study demonstrates that CS released from SULT2B1-expressing cancer cells forms an immunosuppressive chemical barrier (immune privilege) in the tumor microenvironment that prevents T cell infiltration into the tumor and thus contributes to immunotherapy resistance. In the human clinical database, SULT2B1 gene expression is highly correlated with poor prognosis and immunosuppression in multiple cancer types. Independent screening identified a small molecule inhibitor that suppresses CS production in SULT2B1-expressing cancer cells and demonstrated that the inhibitor can be used to diminish the immunotherapy resistance and enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade and anti-tumor T cell transfer.

Free Research Field

機能生物化学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

本研究は、がん細胞によって産生されるコレステロール代謝産物が腫瘍微小環境において免疫抑制性の化学的バリア(免疫特権)を形成し、がんの免疫逃避に働くことを初めて明らかにした。独自のスクリーニングで見出したCS産生酵素SULT2B1の阻害剤は、がん免疫を賦活化し免疫チェックポイント阻害や抗原特異的T細胞療法に対する抵抗性を解除した。臨床データ解析によって複数のがん種ではSULT2B1発現と患者の予後不良や免疫機能低下の間に高い相関が示された。すなわち、本研究によって新たながんの免疫逃避機構の一つが解明され、がん免疫療法に対する抵抗性を解除する手法の一つとしてSULT2B1阻害の有用性が示された。

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Published: 2025-01-30  

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