2023 Fiscal Year Final Research Report
Bio-imaging reveals mechanisms of host-dependent pathogenicity of zoonotic bacteria
| Project/Area Number |
21H02727
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Review Section |
Basic Section 49050:Bacteriology-related
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| Research Institution | Tohoku University |
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Principal Investigator |
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
小泉 信夫 国立感染症研究所, 細菌第一部, 主任研究官 (10333361)
加藤 貴之 大阪大学, 蛋白質研究所, 教授 (20423155)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2021-04-01 – 2024-03-31
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| Keywords | スピロヘータ / 運動性 / レプトスピラ / 宿主選好性 / 病原性 / 人獣共通感染症 / 機械学習 |
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by the pathogenic Leptospira spp. The severity of the disease differs for the combination of the leptospiral strains and host species. We measured the dynamics of various leptospiral strains over the cultured kidney cells using machine-learning-based image analysis. Our results showed that fast crawling motility on kidney cells tends to result in severe symptoms. We also analyzed the crawling of mutant strains lacking outer membrane proteins (OMPs). The behavior of clinical isolates and OMP-deficient mutants showed the inverse correlation between adhesion and mobility, which could affect infection outcomes. Our computer vision technique eliminated the restriction on available bacterial strains and provided information that could help understand the mechanisms underlying motility-dependent bacterial pathogenicity.
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| Free Research Field |
細菌学，生物物理学
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| Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
本研究は，病原体の運動特性や付着性と病気の重症度を結び付け点，人獣共通感染症において重要な病原体の宿主選好性解明の手掛かりを示した点で，感染症研究としての大きな意義がある。本研究で発見した宿主細胞表面での病原体挙動に関する知見は，ユニバーサルワクチンの開発等，新しい治療・予防法の開発への貢献が期待されるものである。これに加えて，感染症研究におけるコンピュータービジョン技術の有用性を示すものであり，医学・生命科学分野と情報科学の双方の発展に寄与する。
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