2022 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report
Mapping Habitable Planetary Environments with Exoplanet Imaging
| Project/Area Number |
21H04998
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| Research Institution | National Astronomical Observatory of Japan |
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Principal Investigator |
Guyon Olivier 国立天文台, ハワイ観測所, RCUH職員 (90399288)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
増田 賢人 大阪大学, 大学院理学研究科, 助教 (20874168)
小谷 隆行 大学共同利用機関法人自然科学研究機構(新分野創成センター、アストロバイオロジーセンター、生命創成探究, アストロバイオロジーセンター, 助教 (40554291)
川島 由依 国立研究開発法人理化学研究所, 開拓研究本部, 基礎科学特別研究員 (40897691)
河原 創 東京大学, 大学院理学系研究科(理学部), 助教 (90649758)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2021-07-05 – 2026-03-31
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| Keywords | Astronomy / Exoplanets / Photonic / Optical Fiber / Spectroscopy / Coronagraphy / Telescope |
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| Outline of Annual Research Achievements |
The goal of our research is to image close-in exoplanets around nearby stars using new photonics technologies. In FY2022, we have continued upgrades to the AO system at Subaru Telescope and validated achromatic phase shifters for the PNC. We have also observed close-in exoplanets.
We are on track to make the Subaru Telescope the most capable exoplanet imaging facility for planets within ~10 a.u. of their stars. Specifically (1) By combining the PNC technology with high performance AO at near-IR wavelength, we will open up the small angular separation regime not previously accessible, (2) We will be the first 8+m facility to provide correction of 3000 modes at 2 kHz speed, (3) We will be the first large telescope to deploy the photonic nulling technology on-sky, with no other facility scheduled to do so within the next ~3yr, (4) The AO wavefront sensing we are developing for the project is significantly more sensitive than existing alternatives.
Our team announced in FY2022 two major exoplanet discoveries. The AB Aurigae b planet (Currie et al. 2022, Nature Astronomy) is a still-accreting giant planet within the dust and gas disk of the AB Aur young star. The discovery is the best evidence for the gravitational instability planet formation model, where planets form as a gas cloud suddenly collapses under its own gravity. We reported discovery of the HIP 99770 b planet (Currie et al. 2023, Science) is the first exoplanet discovered by followup of targets identified by astrometric acceleration.
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| Current Status of Research Progress |
Current Status of Research Progress
2: Research has progressed on the whole more than it was originally planned.
Reason
The PNC development, signal processing and fiber-fed spectroscopy have all been proceeding on schedule.
We are on track to achieve the 1e-5 contrast goal at the end of FY23, and further improve contrast to 2e-7 in FY24 and FY25. PNC laboratory testing has shown that the tricouplers and phase shifters can deliver raw contrast (prior to any processing) of 1.9e-4 and 1.0e-4 for vertical and horizontal polarization, respectively, without wavefront errors or wavefront correction, at 1550 nm wavelength. We have developed high-performance wavefront sensors (WFSs) in both nearIR and visible light to that end. The near-IR WFS was successfully tested on sky (Lozi et al. 2022). The highly sensitive visible WFS, a non-linear curvature WFS (nlCWFS), has been successfully validated in the laboratory, with supporting numerical simulations to verify its on-sky performance
The only unforeseen delay has been with the delivery of the 3000-actuator deformable mirror (DM), which is 1-yr late, but we have replanned for an accelerated integration once the DM arrives, and we have validated other components of the AO upgrade ahead of time. We still plan to integrate the AO upgrade with the PNC, signal processing and spectrograph within FY23, so that the observing survey with the full system can be done in FY24 and FY25 as planned.
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| Strategy for Future Research Activity |
The next steps in the project are to complete the adaptive optics (AO) upgrade and integrate the photonic nulling chip (PNC) with the new AO and the new near-IR spectrograph. This will be the focus of FY23. Observations with the full instrument (upgraded AO + PNC + spectrograph) will then be conducted in FY24 and FY25, along with continued improvement in the instrument capabilities, especially in the areas of wavefront control and post-processing algorithms. In parallel with these activities at the Subaru Telescope, we will develop the plan to image habitable exoplanets with extremely large telescopes, with a focus on the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT). This activity will ramp up over the last 3 yr of our project, culminating in FY25 with a conceptual design for TMT instrumentation capable of observing habitable planets around nearby stars.
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[Journal Article] Images of embedded Jovian planet formation at a wide separation around AB Aurigae2022
Author(s)
Currie T., Lawson K., Schneider G., Lyra W., Wisniewski J., Grady C., Guyon O., Tamura M., Kotani T., Kawahara H., Brandt T., Uyama T., Muto T., Dong R., Kudo T., Hashimoto J., Fukagawa M., Wagner K., Lozi J., Chilcote J., Tobin T., Groff T., Ward-Duong K., Januszewski W., Norris B., Tuthill P., et al.
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Journal Title
Nature Astronomy
Volume: 6
Pages: 751～759
DOI
Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
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[Journal Article] SCExAO and Keck Direct Imaging Discovery of a Low-mass Companion Around the Accelerating F5 Star HIP 5319*2022
Author(s)
Swimmer N., Currie T., Steiger S., Brandt G. M., Brandt T. D., Guyon O., Kuzuhara M., Chilcote J., Tobin T., Groff T. D., Lozi J., Bailey J. I. III, Walter A. B., Fruitwala N., Zobrist N., Smith J. P., Coiffard G., Dodkins R., Davis K. K., Daal M., Bumble B., Vievard S., Skaf N., Deo V., Jovanovic N., et al.
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Journal Title
The Astronomical Journal
Volume: 164
Pages: 152～152
DOI
Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
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[Presentation] Machine learning for wavefront sensing2022
Author(s)
Wong A. P., Norris B. R. M., Deo V., Guyon O., Tuthill P. G., Lozi J., Vievard S., Ahn K.
Organizer
SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, 2022, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Int'l Joint Research
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[Presentation] Achromatic nulling interferometry and fringe tracking with 3D-photonic tricouplers with GLINT2022
Author(s)
Martinod M.-A., Klinner-Teo T., Tuthill P., Gross S., Arcadi E., Douglass G., Webb J., Norris B., Guyon O., Lozi J., Lagadec T., Jovanovic N., Cvetojevic N., Arriola A., Gretzinger T., Withford M. J., Lawrence J. S., Leon-Saval S.
Organizer
SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, 2022, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Int'l Joint Research
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[Presentation] High contrast imaging at the photon noise limit with WFS-based PSF calibration2022
Author(s)
Guyon O., Norris B., Martinod M.-A., Ahn K., Deo V., Skaf N., Lozi J., Vievard S., Haffert S. Y., Currie T., Males J. R., Wong A., Tuthill P.
Organizer
SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, 2022, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Int'l Joint Research
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[Presentation] Optimal self-calibration and fringe tracking in photonic nulling interferometers using machine learning2022
Author(s)
Norris B. R. M., Martinod M.-A., Tuthill P., Gross S., Cvetojevic N., Jovanovic N., Lagadec T., Klinner-teo T., Guyon O., Lozi J., Deo V., Vievard S., Arriola A., Gretzinger T., Lawrence J. S., Withford M. J.
Organizer
SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, 2022, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Int'l Joint Research
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[Presentation] AO3000 at Subaru: combining for the first time a NIR WFS using First Light's C-RED ONE and ALPAO's 64x64 DM2022
Author(s)
Lozi J., Ahn K., Clergeon C., Deo V., Guyon O., Hattori T., Minowa Y., Nishiyama S., Ono Y., Vievard S.
Organizer
SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, 2022, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Int'l Joint Research
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