Re-positioning the State Compensation System in a Risk Society

2023 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 21K01140
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Section: 一般
• Review Section: Basic Section 05020:Public law-related
• Research Institution: Hokkaido University
• Principal Investigator: YONEDA Masahiro 北海道大学, 大学院法学研究科, 教授 (00377376)
• Project Period (FY): 2021-04-01 – 2024-03-31
• Keywords: 国家賠償法 / 安全配慮義務 / 危険管理責任 / リスク社会 / 民事不法行為法 / 職務義務違反説 / 動的システム論

Outline of Final Research Achievements

This study clarified the state liability norm appropriate for a risk society by rethinking the issue of risk management liability of administrative agencies from the perspective of the "duty of care for safety based on trust." Specifically, by confirming the commonality between the type of harm caused by the non-exercise of regulatory authority and the type of harm caused by the breach of the duty of care, and by referring to the legal framework of the "duty of social life," which is a case theory of German civil tort law, this study clarified that the "duty of care based on trust" serves as a liability norm that controls the fair sharing of damages. The study clarified that the "duty of care based on trust" serves as a norm of liability that controls the equitable sharing of damages.

Free Research Field

行政法

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

本研究は、従来危険管理責任として論じられてきた行政庁の規制権限不行使の問題を、「法令」に依拠して裁量権の逸脱濫用の問題として問うのではなく、「行政主体の安全配慮義務」違反の問題として捉え直し、民事不法行為法と議論との接続をはかることで、「信頼を基礎にした安全配慮義務」が、リスク社会において損害の公平な分担を規律する責任規範としての役割を果たすことを明らかにし、もって学説上の議論を再整理し、混迷する裁判実務を見通しよくする意義を有している。