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2023 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Mechanism of synaptic localization regulation of glutamate transporters via intercellular interactions

Research Project

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Project/Area Number 21K06416
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Section一般
Review Section Basic Section 46020:Anatomy and histopathology of nervous system-related
Research InstitutionTohoku University (2022-2023)
National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (2021)

Principal Investigator

Arimura Nariko  東北大学, 薬学研究科, 准教授 (20420375)

Project Period (FY) 2021-04-01 – 2024-03-31
Keywords小脳 / シナプス / DSCAM / GLAST / グルタミン酸トランスポーター / 発生期
Outline of Final Research Achievements

Glutamate is a primary neurotransmitter essential for normal brain function. However, excessive levels of glutamate can lead to neuronal cell death, highlighting the necessity for precise regulation of its concentrations in the synaptic cleft. This regulation is primarily facilitated by glutamate transporters. Our research has identified that the synaptic localization of the glutamate transporter GLAST, which is expressed in glial cells, is controlled by the neuronal cell adhesion molecule DSCAM. Interestingly, in mice lacking functional DSCAM, we observed synaptic formation defects in ascending fibers, which were similar to those found in GLAST-deficient mice. Moreover, we demonstrated that DSCAM interacts with GLAST to regulate the clearance of glutamate from the synaptic cleft, thereby promoting synaptic formation and ensuring proper neural signaling. This discovery opens up potential avenues for targeting synaptic dysfunction in neurological disorders.

Free Research Field

神経科学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

GLAST研究については、脳機能におけるGLASTの重要性は国内外で数多く報告されている。しかし、そのシナプス間隙への局在機構については不明であり、本研究はこのミッシングリングを与える研究として位置付けられる。さらに重要なことに、シナプス形成におけるDSCAMの機能は、プレ、ポストシナプス間でのDSCAM同士のホモフィリック結合による接着安定化が重要であるとされてきた。しかし本研究課題により、DSCAMのシナプスにおける機能は、実は「グリア細胞のグルタミン酸トランスポーターを介して正常なグルタミン酸濃度を維持すること」であり、この機能を介して「シナプス形成を促進する」ことが明らかとなった。

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Published: 2025-01-30  

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