2023 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Establishment of a new surveillance method for clinical complete response after chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer

Research Project

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Project/Area Number	21K08703
Research Category	Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
Allocation Type	Multi-year Fund
Section	一般
Review Section	Basic Section 55020:Digestive surgery-related
Research Institution	Niigata University
Principal Investigator	Shimada Yoshifumi 新潟大学, 医歯学系, 講師 (20706460)
Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha)	奥田修二郎新潟大学, 医歯学系, 教授 (00512310) 太田篤新潟大学, 医歯学総合病院, 講師 (00749616) 大橋瑠子新潟大学, 医歯学系, 准教授 (20447600) 若井俊文新潟大学, 医歯学系, 教授 (50372470) 竹内志穂新潟大学, 医歯学系, 客員研究員 (70422277) 中野雅人新潟大学, 医歯学総合病院, 講師 (70744788) 凌一葦新潟大学, 医歯学系, 助教 (70804540)
Project Period (FY)	2021-04-01 – 2024-03-31
Keywords	直腸癌 / 術前化学放射線療法 / Watch and Wait / サーベイランス / 遺伝子変異
Outline of Final Research Achievements	The purpose is to establish a new surveillance method base based on individual genetic alterations in Watch and Wait (W&W) strategy after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in patients with rectal cancer. In this study, we obtained the data of genetic alterations from such as whole-genome sequencing and searched for genetic alterations that are useful in predicting the therapeutic effects of CRT and in the surveillance of W&W strategy. In addition, we extracted the gene expression of patients in which a significant effect of CRT was observed, and analyzed the characteristics of gene expression related to the treatment effect. We found candidates for genetic alterations that are useful for predicting the therapeutic effects of CRT and for the surveillance of W&W strategy.
Free Research Field	消化器外科
Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements	本研究の学術的意義は、全ゲノム解析等の遺伝子変異解析からゲノムデータを取得し、現時点では臨床的意義が不明である遺伝子変異も含めた解析を行い、直腸癌のCRTにおける治療効果予測およびW&Wのサーベイランスにおいて有用な遺伝子変異の候補を抽出したことである。本研究の社会的意義は、直腸癌のCRTおよびW&Wのサーベイランスにおいて、個々のゲノム異常に基づく新たな治療戦略の構築のための基盤形成を行ったことである。