2022 Fiscal Year Final Research Report
Understanding the mechanism of heteroduplex formation by RecA family recombinases at atomic resolution
Project/Area Number |
21K15050
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Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists
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Allocation Type | Multi-year Fund |
Review Section |
Basic Section 43040:Biophysics-related
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Research Institution | Yokohama City University (2022) Tokyo Institute of Technology (2021) |
Principal Investigator |
Ito Kentaro 横浜市立大学, 生命医科学研究科, 助教 (60837128)
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Project Period (FY) |
2021-04-01 – 2023-03-31
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Keywords | 相同組換え / DNA鎖交換 / Rad51 / Dmc1 / Swi5-Sfr1 |
Outline of Final Research Achievements |
The DNA strand exchange reaction, the central step in homologous recombination, is catalyzed by evolutionarily conserved RecA family recombinases. Eukaryotes have two recombinases, Rad51, which acts ubiquitously, and Dmc1, which acts meiosis-specifically, and various factors regulate their activities. However, the differences in the biochemical activities of the two recombinases and the action mechanisms of their regulatory factors have yet to be clarified. In this study, we attempted to understand the molecular mechanism of DNA strand exchange reaction by recombinases and the mechanism of action of regulatory factors at atomic resolution by using a collection of recombinase mutants, a real-time analysis system for DNA strand exchange reaction, and cryo-EM observations.
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Free Research Field |
生化学
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Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
相同組換えは減数分裂時には遺伝的多様性の創出に重要な役割を果たしている。この際Rad51とDmc1はDNA鎖交換を介して相同染色体の遺伝子を撹拌する。2つのリコンビナーゼの酵素としての活性の違いやそれぞれの制御機構を理解することにより、不妊の原因解明と治療法の開発に役立つと考えられる。更に一方で体細胞分裂期では遺伝情報の維持に働き、これが機能不全に陥るとガンの原因となる。特にRad51はガンのマーカーや抗ガン剤の標的として注目されている。Rad51によるDNA鎖交換反応の分子機構を理解することは新たな抗がん剤創出に繋がり、本研究で使用したリアルタイム解析系は抗がん剤の評価にも使用可能である。
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