Characteristics of force exertion of shoulder girdle contributing to counter-movements of upper body - with reference to the pole vault

2023 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 21K21276
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Research Activity Start-up
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Review Section: 0909:Sports sciences, physical education, health sciences, and related fields
• Research Institution: National Agency for the Advancement of Sports and Health
• Principal Investigator: Kageyuki Takafumi 独立行政法人日本スポーツ振興センター国立スポーツ科学センター, スポーツ科学・研究部, 契約研究員 (50913844)
• Project Period (FY): 2021-08-30 – 2024-03-31
• Keywords: バイオメカニクス / 動作分析 / 筋力 / 肩関節 / オーバーヘッド動作

Outline of Final Research Achievements

The present study employed a segment-link model to analyze the movement of pole vaulters, and attempted to estimate the flexion/extension torque of shoulder joint in vaulting by inverse dynamics calculation. Furthermore, the relationships between the estimated torque of shoulder joint in vaulting and the isokinetic extension and rotation strength of shoulder joints, as measured using the BIODEX system, were elucidated.
Consequently, the maximum extension torque of shoulder joint was exerted in close proximity to the instance of take-off, wherein the shoulder joint was in a nearly 180°flexed posture. On the other hand, the relationships between the estimated torque of the shoulder joint in vaulting and the isokinetic extension and rotation strength of the shoulder joints were not shown significant correlations. These findings suggest that the capacity to exert torque of shoulder joint during vaulting would be a competition-specific ability.

Free Research Field

スポーツ科学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

本研究では両肩関節の和であるが，オーバーヘッド姿勢の踏切時に平均10Nm/kgの肩関節伸展トルクが発揮されていた．オーバーヘッド動作は，バレーボールのスパイクやテニスのサーブなど棒高跳以外の競技でも行われるため，本研究の知見は他競技でも競技に特化したトレーニングの重要性を示唆するものである．
また，棒高跳競技者の障がい好発部位は腰部であることが報告されており，オーバーヘッド姿勢かつ肩関節での大きな伸展トルク発揮が要求される棒高跳特有の動作が腰痛を招くリスクの一つである可能性がある．そのため，本研究の結果が棒高跳の技術理解を深め，棒高跳の合理的で安全なトレーニングの一助になることが期待される．