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2023 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Development of Dysbiotic Microbiota-specific MAIT Cells and Their Application to the Treatment for Periodontitis

Research Project

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Project/Area Number 22K19612
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory)

Allocation TypeMulti-year Fund
Review Section Medium-sized Section 57:Oral science and related fields
Research InstitutionTohoku University

Principal Investigator

KAJIKAWA TETSUHIRO  東北大学, 大学病院, 講師 (90611252)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 向阪 幸彦  東北大学, 大学病院, 助教 (10760457)
山田 聡  東北大学, 歯学研究科, 教授 (40359849)
Project Period (FY) 2022-06-30 – 2024-03-31
KeywordsMAIT細胞 / 歯周病 / Dysbiotic細菌叢 / TCRレパトア / 絹糸結紮歯周炎モデル
Outline of Final Research Achievements

We have demonstrated the presence of Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in periodontal tissues harvested from human patients with periodontitis. Simultaneously, we confirmed the proliferation of MAIT cells in periodontal tissues using a mouse periodontitis model. The microbiota present in the inflamed periodontal tissues may be involved in one of the mechanisms for this proliferation.
Currently, we are working on culturing large quantities of MAIT cells by isolating them from human or mouse periodontal tissues through sorting and subsequent iPS cell induction. Following this, we plan to investigate how MAIT cells, depending on their TCR repertoire patterns, influence the regulation of periodontal tissue inflammation.

Free Research Field

歯周病学・免疫学

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

全身の様々な組織、さらにはそこで発症する疾患におけるMAIT細胞の役割が明らかにされつつある。しかしながら、歯周病におけるMAIT細胞の役割はこれまでに明らかとなっていない。本研究は、歯周組織MAIT細胞の増殖機構の一つとして、炎症歯周組織において認められるdysbiotic細菌叢が関与することを間接的に示し、さらには炎症歯周組織におけるMAIT細胞のフェノタイプを明らかとした。この結果から歯周組織においてMAIT細胞が炎症制御に関わることが示唆され、今後はTCRレパトアのタイプに着目した固有の歯周組織MAIT細胞の機能を明らかにすることで、歯周病新規治療法開発につながる可能性が期待できる。

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Published: 2025-01-30  

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