2013 Fiscal Year Final Research Report
Regulation of the endocrine system by the sweet taste receptor
| Project/Area Number |
23390245
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Research Field |
Endocrinology
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| Research Institution | Gunma University |
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Principal Investigator |
KOJIMA Itaru 群馬大学, 生体調節研究所, 教授 (60143492)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2011-04-01 – 2014-03-31
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| Keywords | 甘味受容体 / インスリン / 膵β細胞 / 脂肪細胞 / 分化誘導 / GLP-1 |
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| Research Abstract |
We investigated the function and physiological role of the sweet taste receptor in pancreatic beta-cells, adipocytes and enteroendocrine cells. In pancreatic beta-cells, the sweet taste receptor subunit T1R3 forms a homodimer and function as a sweet taste-sensing receptor. This receptor is activated by glucose, the most important regulator of insulin secretion. Glucose activates the receptor and promotes its own metabolism in beta-cells. Hence, the sweet taste-sensing receptor plays a vital role in the regulation of insulin secretion. In adipocytes, the sweet taste-sensing receptor, a homodimer of T1R3, negatively regulates differentiation of preadipocytes to mature adipocytes. In enteroendocrine L-cells, the sweet taste-sensing receptor, a homodimer of T1R3, is activated by glucose and other sweet substances and promotes secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1).
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