The role of exosomes as a novel communication factor in tissue regeneration

2015 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

• Project/Area Number: 25253089
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Section: 一般
• Research Field: Orthopaedic surgery
• Research Institution: Hiroshima University
• Principal Investigator: OCHI MITSUO 広島大学, その他部局等, 学長 (70177244)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): ADACHI NOBUO 広島大学, 大学院医歯薬保健学研究院, 教授 (30294383) ; MIYAKI SHIGERU 広島大学, 病院, 講師 (10392490) ; KAMEI NAOSUKE 広島大学, 病院, 講師 (70444685) ; NAKASA TOMOYUKI 広島大学, 病院, 病院助教 (60467769)
• Project Period (FY): 2013-04-01 – 2016-03-31
• Keywords: 組織再生 / 間葉系幹細胞 / エクソソーム / microRNA

Outline of Final Research Achievements

Paracrine signaling by bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) plays a major role in tissue repair. We focused on exosomes, which are extracellular vesicles as a novel additional modulator of cell-to-cell communication and tissue regeneration. To address this, we examined the role of exosomes in the healing process in injury models of deficient mice, a strain which is known to reduce levels and/or function of exosomes. The retardation of tissue repair in deficient mice was rescued by the injection of MSC-exosomes. MSC-exosomes promoted cell differentiation such as myogenesis and angiogenesis in vitro, and tissue regeneration in tissue injury models. The levels of the tissue repair related-cytokines in MSC-exosomes were low, suggesting that, tissue repair may be in part mediated by other MSC-exosome components, such as miRNAs. We conclude that MSC-exosomes are a novel factor of MSC paracrine signaling with an important role in the tissue repair process.

Free Research Field

整形外科学、再生医療