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2015 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

巨大氷衛星の作り分け~ガニメデ,カリスト,タイタン~

Research Project

Project/Area Number 25800242
Research InstitutionTokyo Institute of Technology

Principal Investigator

木村 淳  東京工業大学, 地球生命研究所, EON研究員 (00536138)

Project Period (FY) 2013-04-01 – 2016-03-31
Keywords惑星科学 / 衛星 / 内部構造 / テクトニクス / 熱史 / 氷
Outline of Annual Research Achievements

「含水シリケイト始原核モデル」(以後「含水核モデル」と呼ぶ)に基づき新たに開発した巨大氷衛星内部進化プログラム,および当該研究費によって整備した計算機環境を用いて数値実験を行った.
「巨大」とはいえ太陽系最大の衛星であるガニメデもその半径は火星より数百km小さく,集積エネルギーによる加熱が不十分なため,比較的低温な状態で形成すると想像される.従って,H2Oの融点に沿った温度構造をもつ含水核が中心に存在し,その外側をH2O層が覆う二層構造を初期状態とする.鉱物中の長寿命放射性核種が含水核を加熱し,やがて温度が900Kに達すると鉱物の脱水が生じる.これは粘性率の急増(熱輸送効率の急減)をもたらし,内部温度はさらに上昇,さらに脱水が進むという正のフィードバックが働く.脱水した水は上昇しH2O層に付加され,衛星全体の体積が増加する.このイベントは計算開始(衛星形成完了)後1~2億年に発生する.ガニメデではこうしたプロセスが有効に働く一方,半径が約200km,平均密度が約0.1g/cc小さい(すなわち衛星全体に占める岩石含有率が小さく,放射性熱源量が小さい)カリストでは加熱が十分でなく,脱水量や衛星体積の増加も小さい.なお,外側のH2O層は岩石に比べて有意に柔らかく熱を輸送しやすいため,その固液状態の変化(地下海の有無)は含水核の熱的進化にほとんど影響を与えない.
従来の木星系探査により,ガニメデには全球的な伸張性断層が存在し,その地質年代が約20億年前を示すのに対し,カリストではそのような地質活動の痕跡が一切見られない.本研究の計算結果はガニメデの地質活動とその発生年代に調和的であるとともに,二衛星の差違も説明可能である.土星衛星タイタンは半径と平均密度がいずれもガニメデとカリストの中間的な値を持ち,本研究の結果ではガニメデよりその規模は小さいものの脱水と衛星体積の増加が発生する.

  • Research Products

    (15 results)

All 2016 2015 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (5 results) Journal Article (3 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 1 results,  Peer Reviewed: 2 results,  Acknowledgement Compliant: 1 results,  Open Access: 2 results) Presentation (7 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 7 results,  Invited: 1 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] Jet Propulsion Laboratory/Caltech/U southeran Calif(米国)

    • Country Name
      U.S.A.
    • Counterpart Institution
      Jet Propulsion Laboratory/Caltech/U southeran Calif
    • # of Other Institutions
      9
  • [Int'l Joint Research] ELSI, titech/JAMSTEC(Japan)

    • Country Name
      Japan
    • Counterpart Institution
      ELSI, titech/JAMSTEC
  • [Int'l Joint Research] INGV(Italy)

    • Country Name
      Italy
    • Counterpart Institution
      INGV
  • [Int'l Joint Research] U Leeds(英国)

    • Country Name
      UNITED KINGDOM
    • Counterpart Institution
      U Leeds
  • [Int'l Joint Research] IST(Portugal)

    • Country Name
      Portugal
    • Counterpart Institution
      IST
  • [Journal Article] A Strategy for Origins of Life Research2016

    • Author(s)
      1.Scharf, C., Virgo, N., Cleaves II, J. M., Kimura, J., and 33 coauthors
    • Journal Title

      Astrobiology

      Volume: 15 Pages: 1031,1042

    • DOI

      doi:10.1089/ast.2015.1113

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Evaluation of Global Expansion of Ganymede During the Course of Thermal Evolution2016

    • Author(s)
      Masahiro Yoda, Jun Kimura, Kei Kurita
    • Journal Title

      Proc. 47th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference

      Volume: 2016 Pages: 1848

    • Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Polymerization of building blocks of life on Europa and other icy moons2015

    • Author(s)
      Jun Kimura and Norio Kitadai
    • Journal Title

      Astrobiology

      Volume: 15 Pages: 430,441

    • DOI

      10.1089/ast.2015.1306

    • Peer Reviewed / Acknowledgement Compliant
  • [Presentation] Toward understanding of the extra-terrestrial habitability2016

    • Author(s)
      Jun Kimura
    • Organizer
      Upstairs Downstairs: Consequences of Internal Planet Evolution for the Habitability and Detectability of Life on Extrasolar Planets
    • Place of Presentation
      Tempe, AZ, US
    • Year and Date
      2016-02-17 – 2016-02-19
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Long-term stability of an subsurface ocean in Ganymede and its effect to tidal response, toward future altimetry measurement2015

    • Author(s)
      Jun Kimura Shunichi Kamata, Steve Vance and Hauke Hussmann
    • Organizer
      AGU Fall Meeting 2015
    • Place of Presentation
      SanFrancisco, US
    • Year and Date
      2015-12-14 – 2015-12-18
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Toward characterization of extra-terrestrial deep water world and its habitability using computational approach and spacecraft exploration2015

    • Author(s)
      Jun Kimura and Shunichi Kamata
    • Organizer
      8th Japan Astrobilogy Network Workshop
    • Place of Presentation
      Tokyo
    • Year and Date
      2015-11-27 – 2015-11-28
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Primordial hydrous model for Ganymede might explain a formation of extensional groove and metallic core2015

    • Author(s)
      Jun Kimura and Kiyoshi Kuramoto
    • Organizer
      JUICE/GALA meeting 2015
    • Place of Presentation
      Berlin, Germany
    • Year and Date
      2015-11-11 – 2015-11-12
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Tidal deformation of Ganymede and effects of a subsurface ocean: a model calculation in preparation for JUICE-GALA measurements2015

    • Author(s)
      Jun Kimura, Shunichi Kamata, Koji Matsumoto, Francis Nimmo and Kiyoshi Kuramoto
    • Organizer
      AOGS 2015 Annual Meeting
    • Place of Presentation
      Singapore
    • Year and Date
      2015-08-03 – 2015-08-07
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Stability of an internal ocean in Ganymede2015

    • Author(s)
      Jun Kimura, Steve Vance, Hauke Hussmann and Kei Kurita
    • Organizer
      Astrobiology Science Conference 2015
    • Place of Presentation
      Chicago, US
    • Year and Date
      2015-06-15 – 2015-06-19
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Interior evolution of Ganymede and its surface manifestation: toward JUICE measurements2015

    • Author(s)
      Jun Kimura and Kiyoshi Kuramoto
    • Organizer
      JpGU 2015
    • Place of Presentation
      Chiba, Japan
    • Year and Date
      2015-05-24 – 2015-05-28
    • Int'l Joint Research

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Published: 2017-01-06   Modified: 2022-01-31  

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