2018 Fiscal Year Final Research Report

Reconsideration of pastoralism theory from milk cultural point: Creation of new pastoralism perspective through global scale interregional-comparison

Research Project

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Project/Area Number	26257014
Research Category	Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
Allocation Type	Single-year Grants
Section	海外学術
Research Field	Cultural anthropology
Research Institution	Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
Principal Investigator	Hirata Masahiro 帯広畜産大学, 畜産学部, 教授 (30396337)
Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha)	吉田睦千葉大学, 大学院人文科学研究院, 教授 (00312926) 池谷和信国立民族学博物館, 人類文明誌研究部, 教授 (10211723) 月原敏博福井大学, 学術研究院教育・人文社会系部門(総合グローバル), 教授 (10254377) 辻貴志佐賀大学, 農学部, 特定研究員 (30507108) 増野高司総合研究大学院大学, 先導科学研究科, 客員研究員 (40569159) 兒玉香菜子 (児玉香菜子) 千葉大学, 文学部, 准教授 (20465933)
Research Collaborator	NAKATA Atsushi TAKAKURA Hiroki ARATA Mariko Yamada Isamu
Project Period (FY)	2014-04-01 – 2019-03-31
Keywords	乳文化 / 牧畜 / 生業 / 文化圏 / 母子畜間関係 / 催乳
Outline of Final Research Achievements	From the viewpoint of milk utilization, the logic of subsistence which pastoralism does not depend on milking was considered, "monogenesis-bipolarization of milk culture in the Eurasian Continent" hypothesis was examined, and the definition of pastoralism model was discussed during the research period. As the results, in the milk cultural area, the hypothesis was reconfirmed, and moreover "the monogenesis-bipolarization of milk culture in the Afro-Eurasian Continent" was proposed. In the non-milk cultural area, it became clear that "the non forcible separation between mother and her offspring animal - maintaining of the bond between mother and her offspring animal", "the difficulty of milking" and "low labor productivity" are the major factors that do not lead to milking. In the definition of pastoralism model, it was concluded as "subsistence which manage the animal flock and herd, control their reproduction, and use their milk, meat and motive power directly and indirectly".
Free Research Field	文化人類学
Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements	本研究課題は、乳利用という人類史において極めて重要な生産活動に着目し、人間と家畜との関係を調査研究したものである。東・東南アジアのブタ、南米大陸のリャマ・アルパカからなぜ搾乳しないのか、その要因群を抽出できたことは、人類と家畜との関係史の解明において極めて意義深いと考えている。また、ユーラシア大陸の乳利用史を全世界に拡張し、「アフロ・ユーラシア大陸における乳文化の一元二極化」との仮説を提起し、人類の乳利用史をまとめあげられたことも、学術的に意義あるものと考えている。