1988 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary
Structure analysis and breeding of chloroplast DNA in crop plants by biotechnology.
| Project/Area Number |
60440008
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (A)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Research Field |
Breeding science
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| Research Institution | Nagoya University |
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Principal Investigator |
FUTSUHARA Yuzo Nagoya University, 農学部, 教授 (70023405)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
HATTORI Kazumi Nagoya University, 農学部, 助手 (40023494)
HIRAI Atsushi Nagoya University, 農学部, 助教授 (60023470)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1985 – 1988
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| Keywords | Photosynthesis / Chloroplast / Rice / Tobacco / Cell fusion / 突然変異 |
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| Research Abstract |
Comparative analysis of proteins in the thylakoid membrane from Oryza species was conducted by gel electrophoresis. Genetic variation was detected between species with A genomes and CD or F genomes, but not in cultivated species. The variation of the protein mobility was also detected between the chlorophyll-less mutant and wild type.
Possibility of breeding of chloroplast genomes by cell fusion technique was studied. Segregation of chloroplast genomes in hybrid plants was explained by 1) random separation of two types of chloroplasts during cell division, 2) ability of shoot differentiation of cells with two kinds of chloroplasts was less than cells with one type of chloroplasts, and 3) shoots with two types of chloroplasts hardly grow to the plantlets. Therefore, the induction of the recombination of chloroplast DNA will be necessary for chloroplast breeding.
The structure of rice chloroplast DNA was also studied. A physical map of the DNA was constructed and the overlap clones of the DNA fragments were obtained. Nucleotide sequences and expression of rbcL, atpB/E, and psbA were analyzed. The complete nucleotide sequence, 134,525 base pairs, of the DNA was also determined.
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