1988 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary
GENETIC STUDIES ON TOLERANCE STRALEGY AGAINST ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS IN CROP PLANTS
| Project/Area Number |
61304015
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Research Field |
Breeding science
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| Research Institution | NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENETICS |
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Principal Investigator |
OKINO H. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENETICS, 総合遺伝研究系, 教授 (70000247)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
SHIMAMOTO Y. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY, 農学部, 教授 (00001438)
SATO H. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, KYUSHU UNIVERSITY, 総合遺伝研究系, 助手 (20145113)
清沢 茂久 農水省, 生物資源研究所・細胞育種部, 主任研究員
佐竹 徹夫 北海道農業試験場, 作物部, 室長
FUTSUHARA Y. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, NAGOYA UNIVERSITY, 農学部, 教授 (70023405)
KIKUCHI F. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, TSUKUBA UNIVERSITY
FUKUOKA T. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, KYUSHU TOKAI UNIVERSITY
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| Project Period (FY) |
1986 – 1988
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| Keywords | Biotic stress / Abiotic stress / Stress tolerance / Genetic diversity / Intrapopulational variability / Cold tolerance / Cell selection / 環境汚染 |
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| Research Abstract |
THE PURPOSE OF THIS PROJECT WAS TO ACCUMULATE THE KNOWLEDGE AND INFROMATION REGARDING TOLERANCE MECHANISMS IN CROP PLANTS, EXPECTING TO ACHIEVE HIGH AS WELL AS STABLE PRODUCTIVITY UNDER VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS. TWO SUBGROUPS WERE ORGANIZED IN OUR PROJECT TEAM.
1. GROUP A: SURVEY OF GENETIC VARIABILITY IN STRESS TOLERANCE AND ITS GENETIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL BASES --- GENIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL BASES OF LOW TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE WERE STUDIED IN RICE. RESPONSE OF RICE ROOTS TO SOIL CONDITIONS WAS INVESTIGATED USING MUTANTS AND PRIMITIVE CULTIVARS. TOLERANCE TO DROUGHT IN RICE WAS AOSO EXAMINED. EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS POINTED OUT DEALING WITH RICE CULTIVARS EXPOSED TO NOx AND NATURAL VEGETATION STRUCTURE AFFECTED BY HEAVY METAL. POLYGENIC CONTROL OF DISEASE RESISTANCE IN BARLEY WAS ELUCIDATED. FROM CELL CULTURE, TOLERANT PLANTS TO SALT AND AN AMINO-ACID ANALOGUE WERE SELECTED AND THEIR GENETIC BEHAVIOR WAS EXAMINED.
2. GROUP B: INVESTIGATION ON STRESS TOLERANCE SYSTEM IN POPULATIONAL OR COMMUNITY LEVELS --- GENETIC DIVERSITY WITHIN SITE WAS STUDIED IN MIX-SOWING SWARD AND NATURAL GRASS-LAND. FURTHER, INTRAPOPULATIONAL GENETIC VARIABILITY IN RICE LAND-RACE WAS INVESTIGATED. GENETIC DIVERSITY WAS DISCUSSED IN THE CONTEXT OF POPULATIONAL BUFFERING UNDER FLUCTUATING ENVIRONMENTS. POPULATION GENOTYPE OF RICE BLAST FUNGUS WAS FOUND TO DEPEND ON GENETIC CONSTITUTION OF RICE CULTIVARS GROWN IN THE AREA. ANALYSIS OF THEIR RELATIONSHIPS REVEALED THE EXISTANCE OF STABILIZING SELECTION IN FUNGUS POPULATIONS.
3. SYNTHESIS OF TWO DIFFERENT STANDPOINTS, TOLERANCE ON PLANT LEVEL (GROUP A) AND TOLERANCE ON POPULATIONAL OR COMMUNITY LEVEL (GROUP B), WAS TRIED TO ACHIEVE A WISE STRATEGY FOR STRESS TOLERANT AGROECOSYSTEMS.
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