1988 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary
Screening of mutants for amino acid composition and vitamins in the endosperm of rice
| Project/Area Number |
61440008
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (A)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Research Field |
Breeding science
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| Research Institution | Kyushu University |
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Principal Investigator |
OMURA Takeshi Kyushu University, Professor, 農学部, 教授 (40038170)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
SATOH Hikaru Kyushu University, Associate Prof., 農学部, 助教授 (70128031)
IWATA Nobuo Kyushu University, Associate Prof., 農学部, 助教授 (50038204)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1986 – 1988
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| Keywords | Rice / Genetic Resources / Breeding of Grain Quality / Mutant / Amino Acid Composition / Vitamin / Lysin / HPLC / Linoleic Acid / 突然変異 / MNU / 受精卵処理 / 高速液体クロマトグラフ / ガスクロマトグラフ |
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| Research Abstract |
Improvement of amino acid composition or vitamins in the endosperm is one of the most important breeding programs in rice. This study deals with the screening of genetic resources for amino acids and vitamines.
Twelve mutants showing high lysin content in the protein of endosperm were screened by High Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC) from the rice mutant lines induced by the fertilized egg cell with MNU. Lysin content of the albumin and globulin fraction of endosperm protein increased in all of the mutants. Some mutants increased the lysin content in glutelin fraction, but others showed little change in this fraction. Lysin content in prolamin fraction decreased in some mutants but no change was found in other mutants. There was little change in the threonine content among tested mutant lines. HPLC was one of the most effective and reliable methods for screening the mutant for amino acid composition in rice endosperm.
Some mutants for lenoleic acid, which is vitamin F, were also selected by Gas Chromatography (GC). Lipid content was the highest in aleulon layer and the lowest in endosperm. Lenoleic acid was the highest in embryo and the lowest in endosperm. EM 118 contained the highest lenoleic acid content which is about 48% among the selected mutant lines. It seems that the high lenoleic acid content in EM 118 is caused by the increase of lenoleic acid content in the endosperm. These mutants are useful for breeding of grain quality in rice.
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