1987 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary
Studies on paralytic shellfish poison if "hiogi" scallop
| Project/Area Number |
61480070
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Research Field |
Fisheries chemistry
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| Research Institution | University of Tokyo |
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Principal Investigator |
HASHIMOTO Kanehisa Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tokyo, 農学部, 教授 (30011828)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
NOGUCHI Tamao Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tokyo, 農学部, 助手 (40011910)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1986 – 1987
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| Keywords | Scallop / Paralytic shellfish poison / Decarbamoyl STX / Bioconversion / 酵素 |
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| Research Abstract |
Studies on paralytic shellfish poison in "hiogi" scallop Chlamys nobilis
1) Composition of paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) in "hiogi" scallop
An extract from toxic digestive glands of hiogi scallop Chlamys nobilis, was subjected to column chromatography on Bio-Gel P-2 and Bio-Rex 70 (H^+ form), resulting in separation into three fractions: protogonyautoxin (PX), gonyautoxin (GTX) and saxitoxin (STX) fractions.
Their total potencise were estimated to be <100 mouse units (MU), 3,200 MU and 3,700 MU, respectively. Electrophoretic and thin-layer chromatographic analyses disclosed that PX fraction consisted mainly of PX_1 and PX_2, GTX fraction of GTX_5 and GTX_6, along with two unidentified toxins, and STX fraction exclusively of another two unidentified toxins. Some attempts were made to identify the major one of the four unidentified toxins by high performance liquid chromatography and electrophoresis, demonstrating its identity to decarbamoyl STX. 2) Bioconversion of oyster PSP components into decarbamoyl STX by a hiogi visceral homogenate Toxins consisting mainly of low-toxic PSP components were partially purified from toxic oyster. When the toxins were added to a hiogi visceral homogenate and incubated, the low-toxic components were found to be converted into decarbamoyl STX. However, the homogenate did not show such a bioconversion of PSP when a scallop toxin consisting mainly of high-toxic components was uwed instead. In addition, the homogenate lost almost completely the converting ability when heated, or treated with acid or ethanol, suggesting that some enzyme(s) present in the hiogi visceral homogenate is involved in the bioconversion of PSP.
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