1987 Fiscal Year Final Research Report Summary
COGNITION AND SKILL: An Experimental Study on Its Rhythmic Aspects
| Project/Area Number |
61510045
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Research Field |
Psychology
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| Research Institution | Osaka University |
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Principal Investigator |
MIURA Toshiaki Research Associate Faculty of Human Sciences, Osaka University, 人間科学部, 助手 (00116104)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1986 – 1987
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| Keywords | congitive skill / manual skill / eye movements / functional field of view / chunk / rhythm / 図式 |
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| Research Abstract |
One of the rhythmic aspects cognition of is so-called chunk. How does the cognitive skill -cognitive chunking- affect on execution of motor behavior? How does the rhythm of the motor behavior affect on mode of cognition? The aim of the present study is to clarify these interaction in playing the piano.
Two kinds of experiment were conducted. The first one is tachistocopic experiment, and the second one is eye movements experiment in which a peace of music sheet is abruptly masked. The major experimental variables were difficulty of music and musical experience of subjects.
In the first experiment, numerals and notes (single line melodies) presented tachistoscopically, in separated block, and oral response and playing the melody with piano were required respectably. No differences among subject groups was found in the experiment using numerals. The mean response correct was about 4.12 numerals. On the other hand, differences were found, between dificulty of music, and among subject groups
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. The mean response correct ranged from 1.28 to 4.76 notes. The result indicates that span of apprehension of printed music depends on difficulty of music and skill of performer.
In the second wxpeiment, the main measure is number of notes played correctly after musical sheet of single line melody is masked. This is called span of preview. This span is consisted from two factors. One is eye fixation hand span and the other is size of functional field of view. Differences of span of preview were found among subject groups and between degree of difficulty of music. The span ranged from 1.50 to 13.50 notes. In addition, it was found that the span depends on positions in melody, and also that, with repetition of playing the same melody, the span increases in the beginning phase but decreases in the later phase. These suggests the flexibility of the span.
In the final part, relationship among span of preview, eye fixation hand span and size of functional field of view was discussed based on preliminary analyses for further research. Less
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