| Research Abstract |
There are numerous Manchu-Chinese books published for the three hundred years in the Qing dynasty. For these two years, the author has investigated more than thirty kinds books kept in the Tenri Library, Osaka Forreign University, Toyo Bunko, Naikaku Bunko, Seikado Bunko and so on. Manju nikan herten i cing wen ki meng bithe Book of instruction in the Manchu language in a combination of Manchu and Chinese, which preface is dated 1730, is one of the prominent textbook in the first part of the 18th century. The author examining this book and the others around the same period, pointed out three matters as follows:
1) In the first part of the 18th century, the Manchu transcription /gi/and/ji/,ki/and/ci/,hi/and/di/ already had one sound value each. This is the earliest book reflected this phenomenon.
2) The revised print of the second volume of this textbook, Manju nikan gisun kamciha manjurara fiyelen cing wen ki meng bithe Book of instruction in the Manchu idioms in a combination of the Manchu and Chinese, which was published in 1761, has the same sound system with the present Mandarin, however, it has the different sound forms with that in some colloquial words, e.g. ji/gi, huwan, liyoo/liyao.
3) In this idiom book, one can find many instances as the marker words represented the first part of the Qing dynasty, e.g. GEI, ZEN,EZHE ,--LIYOO--LIYOO -- -- . At the same time, this book has little older nature, e.g. using RUJIN /XIANZZAI"at present", using the doubling of the two-syllable verb, AByi AD type. Further study on the other Manchu-Chinese books in the same period will shed much more light on the phonological, lexical and morphological history in the Modern Mandarin.
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