• Search Research Projects
  • Search Researchers
  • How to Use
  1. Back to project page

2017 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

Investigation of fault evolution process using physicochemical simulation for digitalized rock models

Publicly Offered Research

Project AreaCrustal dynamics-Unified understanding of intraisland deformation after the great Tohoku-oki earthquake-
Project/Area Number 17H05318
Research InstitutionKyushu University

Principal Investigator

辻 健  九州大学, 工学研究院, 教授 (60455491)

Project Period (FY) 2017-04-01 – 2019-03-31
Keywords鉱物化 / モデリング / 断層強度 / デジタル岩石物理 / 流体シミュレーション / モニタリング / 浸透率 / 弾性波速度
Outline of Annual Research Achievements

断層の進化過程を、様々なスケールでのモデリング(数値シミュレーション)と、地震波を用いたモニタリング(連続観測)で調べた。
(1)岩石間隙内部の鉱物化プロセスのモデリングを、移流拡散方程式を用いる方法と、ランダムウォークとよばれる確率論に基づく新しい方法で行った。この研究成果は、数学の論文集に受理されている。
(2)岩石(断層)内の鉱物化が流体挙動に与える影響を調べた。鉱物化に伴う間隙形状の変化に加え、鉱物化に伴って濡れ性といった物性値を変化させて流体挙動を計算した。
(3)鉱物化した岩石(断層)に対して、弾性波動シミュレーションと、有限要素法を用いたシミュレーションを実施した。これらの数値シミュレーションから、鉱物化した岩石のダイナミックな弾性定数と、スタティックな弾性定数を計算した。それにより断層内部の鉱物化が、断層の強度に与える影響を評価した。鉱物化の種類(間隙内での鉱物分布)によって、断層の強度回復に大きな違いが現れることがわかった。
(4)地震に伴う断層の弱化、地震後の断層の強度回復過程を調べるために、微動を用いたモニタリングを行った。日本列島全域に配置されている地震計(Hi-net)で記録されている微動データに対して、地震波干渉法を適用し、地震計間の地殻深部を伝わる波動を計算した。その波動データから弾性波速度の時間変化を調べることで、地殻深部の時空間変化が明らかになってきた。熊本地震で生じた断層弱化と断層回復、阿蘇山の噴火をモニタリングした成果は、Science advancesから出版されている。なお、このモニタリングで観測された短期的な断層回復は、間隙水圧の変化が主な原因と考えられる。現在は、(深度方向への解像度は低いものの)日本全国の弾性波速度の時空間変化をモニタリングできるようになっている。

Current Status of Research Progress
Current Status of Research Progress

1: Research has progressed more than it was originally planned.

Reason

平成30年度に予定していたフィールドでの断層の進化過程(強度回復過程)のモニタリングに成功した。具体的には、熊本地震をはじめとする日本全国で発生した地震によって弱化した断層や、その断層の回復過程(時空間変化)を、微動を使ったモニタリングで捉えることに成功した。このモニタリング結果を使って、本研究で提案しているモデリング結果の検証することが可能となる。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

基本的に当初の研究計画に沿って研究を進める。それに加えて、(1)微動を使った断層のモニタリング(平成29年度の成果)の精度と解像度を向上させること、(2)モニタリングで長期間の断層の進化過程を調べること、(3)モニタリングで得られる弾性波速度変化から物性(強度)変化を定量的に推定することに力を入れる。さらに、(4)そのモニタリング結果から得られる断層の進化プロセスを、断層モデリングを用いて解明することを試みる。

  • Research Products

    (63 results)

All 2018 2017 Other

All Int'l Joint Research (3 results) Journal Article (16 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 6 results,  Peer Reviewed: 15 results,  Open Access: 6 results) Presentation (43 results) (of which Int'l Joint Research: 29 results,  Invited: 6 results) Remarks (1 results)

  • [Int'l Joint Research] デルフト大学(オランダ)

    • Country Name
      NETHERLANDS
    • Counterpart Institution
      デルフト大学
  • [Int'l Joint Research] バンドン工科大学(インドネシア)

    • Country Name
      INDONESIA
    • Counterpart Institution
      バンドン工科大学
  • [Int'l Joint Research] ノートルダム大学/イリノイ大学/スタンフォード大学(米国)

    • Country Name
      U.S.A.
    • Counterpart Institution
      ノートルダム大学/イリノイ大学/スタンフォード大学
    • # of Other Institutions
      1
  • [Journal Article] Study of the Nankai seismogenic fault using dynamic wave propagation modelling of digital rock from the Nobeoka Fault2018

    • Author(s)
      Eng Chandoeun、Ikeda Tatsunori、Tsuji Takeshi
    • Journal Title

      Exploration Geophysics

      Volume: 49 Pages: 11~20

    • DOI

      10.1071/EG17129

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Mathematical Modeling of Rock Pore Geometry and Mineralization: Applications of Persistent Homology and Random Walk2018

    • Author(s)
      Tsuji Takeshi、Jiang Fei、Suzuki Anna、Shirai Tomoyuki
    • Journal Title

      Agriculture as a Metaphor for Creativity in All Human Endeavors

      Volume: - Pages: 95~109

    • DOI

      10.1007/978-981-10-7811-8_11

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] 格子ボルツマン法を用いた3次元デジタルフタクチャー内の流体挙動の特徴:せん断変形が浸透率に与える影響とその代表要素体積2018

    • Author(s)
      幾尾 憲伍、蒋 飛、辻 健
    • Journal Title

      Journal of MMIJ

      Volume: 印刷中 Pages: 印刷中

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Spatial and temporal seismic velocity changes on Kyushu Island during the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake2017

    • Author(s)
      Nimiya Hiro、Ikeda Tatsunori、Tsuji Takeshi
    • Journal Title

      Science Advances

      Volume: 3 Pages: e1700813

    • DOI

      10.1126/sciadv.1700813

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Hydraulic Properties of Closely Spaced Dipping Open Fractures Intersecting a Fluid-Filled Borehole Derived From Tube Wave Generation and Scattering2017

    • Author(s)
      Minato Shohei、Ghose Ranajit、Tsuji Takeshi、Ikeda Michiharu、Onishi Kozo
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth

      Volume: 122 Pages: 8003~8020

    • DOI

      10.1002/2017JB014681

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] 3D geometry of a plate boundary fault related to the 2016 Off-Mie earthquake in the Nankai subduction zone, Japan2017

    • Author(s)
      Tsuji Takeshi、Minato Shohei、Kamei Rie、Tsuru Tetsuro、Kimura Gaku
    • Journal Title

      Earth and Planetary Science Letters

      Volume: 478 Pages: 234~244

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.epsl.2017.08.041

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Characterization of hydrate and gas reservoirs in plate convergent margin by applying rock physics to high-resolution seismic velocity model2017

    • Author(s)
      Chhun Chanmaly、Kioka Arata、Jia Jihui、Tsuji Takeshi
    • Journal Title

      Marine and Petroleum Geology

      Volume: - Pages: 印刷中

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.12.002

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Forward Modeling Time-Lapse Seismic based on Reservoir Simulation Result on The CCS Project at Gundih Field, Indonesia2017

    • Author(s)
      Asikin Ariesty R. K.、Priyono Awali、Ariadji Tutuka、Sapiie Benyamin、Sule Mohammad R.、Tsuji Takeshi、A. Kadir Wawan Gunawan、Matsuoka Toshifumi、Rahardjo Sigit
    • Journal Title

      Modern Applied Science

      Volume: 12 Pages: 75~75

    • DOI

      10.5539/mas.v12n1p75

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Impact of the kinetic boundary condition on porous media flow in the lattice Boltzmann formulation2017

    • Author(s)
      Singh Shiwani、Jiang Fei、Tsuji Takeshi
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review E

      Volume: 96 Pages: -

    • DOI

      10.1103/PhysRevE.96.013303

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Modeling CO2-Water-Mineral Wettability and Mineralization for Carbon Geosequestration2017

    • Author(s)
      Liang Yunfeng、Tsuji Shinya、Jia Jihui、Tsuji Takeshi、Matsuoka Toshifumi
    • Journal Title

      Accounts of Chemical Research

      Volume: 50 Pages: 1530~1540

    • DOI

      10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00049

    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Ground uplift related to permeability enhancement following the 2011 Tohoku earthquake in the Kanto Plain, Japan2017

    • Author(s)
      Ishitsuka Kazuya、Matsuoka Toshifumi、Nishimura Takuya、Tsuji Takeshi、ElGharbawi Tamer
    • Journal Title

      Earth, Planets and Space

      Volume: 69 Pages: -

    • DOI

      10.1186/s40623-017-0666-7

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Temporal variation of the shallow subsurface at the Aquistore CO2 storage site associated with environmental influences using a continuous and controlled seismic source2017

    • Author(s)
      Ikeda Tatsunori、Tsuji Takeshi、Takanashi Mamoru、Kurosawa Isao、Nakatsukasa Masashi、Kato Ayato、Worth Kyle、White Don、Roberts Brian
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Geophysical Research - Solid Earth

      Volume: 122 Pages: 2859~2872

    • DOI

      10.1002/2016JB013691

    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Robust Subsurface Monitoring Using a Continuous and Controlled Seismic Source2017

    • Author(s)
      Ikeda Tatsunori、Tsuji Takeshi
    • Journal Title

      Energy Procedia

      Volume: 114 Pages: 3956~3960

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1527

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Influence of Slip Flow at Fluid-solid Interface upon Permeability of Natural Rock2017

    • Author(s)
      Singh Shiwani、Jiang Fei、Tsuji Takeshi
    • Journal Title

      Energy Procedia

      Volume: 114 Pages: 3572~3577

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1487

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Hydrologic and Elastic Properties of CO 2 Injected Rock at Various Reservoir Conditions: Insights into Quantitative Monitoring of Injected CO 22017

    • Author(s)
      Tsuji Takeshi、Ikeda Tatsunori、Jiang Fei
    • Journal Title

      Energy Procedia

      Volume: 114 Pages: 4047~4055

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1545

    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] 南海トラフ 前弧海盆域の断層とガスハイドレート2017

    • Author(s)
      辻 健
    • Journal Title

      PETROTECH

      Volume: 40 Pages: 630~634

  • [Presentation] 熊本地震発生 その時何が起こったか?2018

    • Author(s)
      辻 健
    • Organizer
      阿蘇・内牧温泉開湯120年記念 地域資源セミナー
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] CO2 behavior characterization from digital rock physics and innovative monitoring system2018

    • Author(s)
      T. Tsuji
    • Organizer
      International CCS/CCUS Seminar
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] 岩石のデジタル化とモデリングによる持続可能な地下空間の利用2017

    • Author(s)
      辻 健
    • Organizer
      第三回 西日本地質講習会
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] 地震波干渉法を用いたモニタリング:地震や噴火に伴う弾性波速度の変化とそのメカニズム2017

    • Author(s)
      辻 健
    • Organizer
      研究集会【最新地下構造イメージング手法の有効性と問題点】
    • Invited
  • [Presentation] Fault and lithology from trench to coast on seismic profiles off Kii peninsula2017

    • Author(s)
      T. Tsuji
    • Organizer
      French-Japanese week on Disasster Risk Reduction "Mega-earthquakes in subduction zones: insights from fossil examples"
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Post- seismic displacement around the Kanto plain, Japan after the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and the implication to subsurface structure2017

    • Author(s)
      K. Ishitsuka, T. Matsuoka, and T. Tsuji
    • Organizer
      EGU General Assembly 2017
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Methane concentration inside a submarine mud volcano examined through seismic velocity profiles2017

    • Author(s)
      A. Kioka, T. Tsuji, H. Otsuka, and J. Ashi
    • Organizer
      EGU General Assembly 2017
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Hydrocarbon gas accumulation and mud volcanoes in the Nankai subduction margin: Insight from 3D seismic velocity analysis using automatic picking algorithm2017

    • Author(s)
      C. Chhun, A. Kioka, and T. Tsuji
    • Organizer
      JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2017
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 格子ボルツマン法を用いたフラクチャー内の流体挙動の特徴化とその代表要素体積2017

    • Author(s)
      幾尾 憲伍, 蒋 飛, 辻 健
    • Organizer
      JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2017
  • [Presentation] 熊本県阿蘇カルデラ内牧温泉の地球化学的特徴と熊本地震前後の変動2017

    • Author(s)
      佐藤 旬, 石橋 純一郎, 辻 健
    • Organizer
      JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2017
  • [Presentation] 第二渥美海丘西斜面の海底地すべりの高解像度浅部地下構造探査2017

    • Author(s)
      藤田 耕太郎、大出 晃弘、高下 裕章、辻 健、大塚 宏徳、山口 飛鳥、芦 寿一郎
    • Organizer
      JpGU-AGU Joint Meeting 2017
  • [Presentation] 伊予灘における反射法データを用いた中央構造線断層帯の深部構造の検討2017

    • Author(s)
      西坂 直樹, 大西 耕造, 石川 慶彦, 大野 裕記, 高橋 恭平, 池田 倫治, 辻 健
    • Organizer
      物理探査学会 第136回学術講演会
  • [Presentation] 2016年熊本地震で阿蘇・内牧温泉で発生した水平滑り:温泉が一時的に止まったメカニズム2017

    • Author(s)
      辻 健, 石橋 純一郎, 石塚 師也, 鎌田 龍一
    • Organizer
      物理探査学会 第136回学術講演会
  • [Presentation] 雑微動の相互相関解析を用いた熊本地震による弾性波速度変化のマッピング2017

    • Author(s)
      二宮 啓, 池田 達紀, 辻 健
    • Organizer
      物理探査学会 第136回学術講演会
  • [Presentation] Lattice Boltzmann approach for a coupled two-fluid kinetic theory of polymer solutions2017

    • Author(s)
      S. Singh, S. Ansumali, and T. Tsuji
    • Organizer
      26th International Conference on Discrete Simulation of Fluid Dynamics (DSFD 2017)
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Evaluation of rock evolution process in seismogenic fault: Dynamic wave propagation modeling to the digitalized fault rocks2017

    • Author(s)
      C. Eng, T. Ikeda, and T. Tsuji
    • Organizer
      IAG-IASPEI
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] A temporal and spatial change in seismic velocity caused by the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake using crosscorrelations of ambient seismic noise2017

    • Author(s)
      H. Nimiya, T. Ikeda, and T. Tsuji
    • Organizer
      IAG-IASPEI
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Hydrocarbon accumulation controlled by tectonic activity in the subduction zone: Insight from advanced seismic velocity analysis2017

    • Author(s)
      C. Chhun, T. Tsuji, and A. Kioka
    • Organizer
      IAG-IASPEI
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Gas hydrate and free gas distribution in the Nankai Subduction Margin: Insight from automatic seismic velocity picking2017

    • Author(s)
      C. Chhun, A. Kioka, J. Jia, and T. Tsuji
    • Organizer
      The 10th AUN/SEED-NET REGIONAL CONFERENCE ON GEOLOGICAL AND GEO-RESOURCE ENGINEERING
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Monte Carlo inversion for pore geometry and elastic moduli estimation of oceanic basalt of the Juan de Fuca Ridge2017

    • Author(s)
      K. Kret, T. Ikeda, and T. Tsuji
    • Organizer
      The 10th AUN/SEED-NET REGIONAL CONFERENCE ON GEOLOGICAL AND GEO-RESOURCE ENGINEERING
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Digital rock physics for suitable reservoir managements2017

    • Author(s)
      T. Tsuji
    • Organizer
      The 2017 International Forum on Geothermal Technology at JKUAT
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 室戸-足摺沖隆起帯の地質構造と最近の変動2017

    • Author(s)
      芦 寿一郎, 高下 裕章, 大出 晃弘, 山口 飛鳥, 辻 健, 池原 研
    • Organizer
      日本地質学会第124年学術大会
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 東部南海トラフにおける大規模海底地すべりの高解像地下構造2017

    • Author(s)
      藤田 耕太郎, 芦 寿一郎, 大出 晃弘, 高下 裕章, 山口 飛鳥, 大塚 宏徳, 辻 健
    • Organizer
      日本地質学会第124年学術大会
  • [Presentation] 伊予灘における音波探査記録を用いた中央構造線断層帯周辺の地質構造の検討2017

    • Author(s)
      高橋 恭平, 佐藤 誉司, 足達 健人, 西坂 直樹, 大西 耕造, 大野 裕記, 池田 倫治, 辻 健
    • Organizer
      日本地質学会第124年学術大会
  • [Presentation] 現在の日本列島のテクトニクスは~6 Maにはじまった?2017

    • Author(s)
      木村 学, 辻 健, 山口 飛鳥, 高下 裕章
    • Organizer
      日本地質学会第124年学術大会
  • [Presentation] Shallow characterization and monitoring of the Aquistore CO2 storage site from spatially windowed surface-wave analysis with a permanent seismic source2017

    • Author(s)
      T. Ikeda, T. Tsuji, M. Nakatsukasa, H. Ban, A. Kato, K. Worth, D. White and B. Roberts
    • Organizer
      Society of Exploration Geophysicists Annual Meeting 2017
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Characterization of fluid behavior in 3D digital fracture by shearing deformation and its Representative Elementary Volume using Lattice Boltzmann Method2017

    • Author(s)
      K. Ikuo, F. Jiang, and T. Tsuji
    • Organizer
      23rd Formation Evaluation Symposium of Japan
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Gas hydrate and free gas accumulations in the Kumano forearc basin : Insights from seismic velocity analysis via automatic picking algorithm2017

    • Author(s)
      C. Chhun, A. Kioka, J. Jia, and T. Tsuji
    • Organizer
      23rd Formation Evaluation Symposium of Japan
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Hydrate and gas reservoirs in the Kumano forearc basin of the Nankai trough: Insights from automatic seismic velocity picking2017

    • Author(s)
      C. Chhun, A. Kioka, J. Jia, and T. Tsuji
    • Organizer
      物理探査学会 第137回学術講演会
  • [Presentation] Self-organizing map method for spatial mineral identification and mapping2017

    • Author(s)
      C. Cao and T. Tsuji
    • Organizer
      Esri Canada User Conference - Vancouver 2017
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 表面波探査による内牧温泉地域の地質構造:熊本地震で生じた水平変動のメカニズムの解明に向けて2017

    • Author(s)
      髙橋 宏佑, 二宮 啓, 永田 雄一郎, 末本 雄大, 池田 達紀, 辻 健, 林 宏一
    • Organizer
      物理探査学会 第137回学術講演会
  • [Presentation] Multiphase flow in sandstone controlled by capillary number, viscosity and wettability2017

    • Author(s)
      T. Tsuji
    • Organizer
      The 4th International Symposium on “Application of Nano-Geosciences in Petroleum Engineering”
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Acoustic impedance inversion and porosity characterization of coalbed-bearing sediments offshore Shimokita peninsula, Northeast Japan2017

    • Author(s)
      C. Eng, J. Jia, and T. Tsuji
    • Organizer
      International Symposium on Earth Science and Technology (CINEST) 2017
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Monte Carlo inversion for pore geometry and elastic moduli estimation of oceanic basalt of the Juan de Fuca Ridge2017

    • Author(s)
      K. Kret, T. Ikeda, and T. Tsuji
    • Organizer
      International Symposium on Earth Science and Technology (CINEST) 2017
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Gas hydrate and free gas accumulations in the Kumano forearc basin in the Nankai trough: Insights from seismic velocity analysis via automatic velocity picking algorithm2017

    • Author(s)
      C. Chhun, A. Kioka, J. Jia, and T. Tsuji
    • Organizer
      International Symposium on Earth Science and Technology (CINEST) 2017
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Monitoring temporal changes of seismic velocity caused by the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake using cross-correlations of ambient seismic noise2017

    • Author(s)
      H. Nimiya, T. Ikeda, and T. Tsuji
    • Organizer
      International Symposium on Earth Science and Technology (CINEST) 2017
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] 3D geological model in the Uchinomaki hot spring area using surface wave analysis2017

    • Author(s)
      K. Takahashi, H. Nimiya, Y. Nagata, Y. Suemoto, T. Ikeda, T. Tsuji, and K. Hayashi
    • Organizer
      International Symposium on Earth Science and Technology (CINEST) 2017
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Development of surface wave analysis method for heterogeneous geological condition in geothermal field2017

    • Author(s)
      Rezkia Dewi Andajani, T. Ikeda, and T. Tsuji
    • Organizer
      International Symposium on Earth Science and Technology (CINEST) 2017
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Hydraulic property evolution of sheared fracture: Insight from digital rock approach2017

    • Author(s)
      K. Ikuo, F. Jiang, and T. Tsuji
    • Organizer
      International Symposium on Earth Science and Technology (CINEST) 2017
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Numerical simulation and laboratory measurement of hydraulic and electric properties of digitalized fractures2017

    • Author(s)
      K. Sawayama, T. Tsuji, K. Kitamura, and Y. Fujimitsu
    • Organizer
      International Symposium on Earth Science and Technology (CINEST) 2017
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Spatial and temporal variation of seismic velocity during earthquakes and volcanic eruptions in western Japan: Insight into mechanism for seismic velocity variation2017

    • Author(s)
      T. Tsuji, T. Ikeda, and H. Nimiya
    • Organizer
      AGU Fall Meeting
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Topological patterns of mesh textures in serpentinites2017

    • Author(s)
      M. Miyazawa, A. Suzuki, H. Shimizu, A. Okamoto, Y. Hiraoka, I. Obayashi, T. Tsuji, and T. Ito
    • Organizer
      AGU Fall Meeting
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Fracture flow characterization from seismic and electric properties: Insight from experimental and numerical approaches2017

    • Author(s)
      K. Sawayama, K. Kitamura, T. Tsuji, and Y. Fujimitsu
    • Organizer
      AGU Fall Meeting
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Remarks] 研究室のホームページ

    • URL

      http://geo.mine.kyushu-u.ac.jp/tsuji/index.html

URL: 

Published: 2018-12-17  

Information User Guide FAQ News Terms of Use Attribution of KAKENHI

Powered by NII kakenhi