Energy-Harvesting-and-Sensing-Combined Integrated Blood Glucose Sensor for Continuous Blood Glucose Monitoring in Dark Space

2019 Fiscal Year Annual Research Report

• Project Area: Systems Science of Bio-navigation
• Project/Area Number: 19H04932
• Research Institution: Nagoya University
• Principal Investigator: 新津 葵一 名古屋大学, 工学研究科, 准教授 (40584785)
• Project Period (FY): 2019-04-01 – 2021-03-31
• Keywords: IoT / 電力自立 / 半導体集積回路 / AI / 環境発電 / 生体発電 / グルコース発電 / 持続血糖モニタリング

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

太陽光発電が利用できない環境下（例えば暗所）において、電力自立かつ野生動物装着可能な持続血糖モニタリング技術に向けた基盤技術構築に成功した。具体的には、グルコース発電素子を野生動物に装着可能な形状である針型に形成することに成功した。侵襲性を少しでも削減するために、加工精度の限界まで針を補足することを目指し、無痛針とそん色のないサイズまで小型化することに成功した。さらに、配線までを一体化したモジュール化に成功した。モジュール化を実施したうえで、野生動物への負担を軽減させるために生体適合膜（ナフィオン膜）を塗布した状態での動作確認に成功した。生体適合膜を塗布することで若干発電性能が劣化することが判明したが、血糖モニタリングならびに近距離への血糖データの無線送信には十分な電力が得られることが判明した。
モジュール化された針型糖発電素子が動物実験において動作できるかを検証するために、皮下間質液を想定した糖濃度での出力検証を実施した。皮下間質液程度の糖濃度でも200mV以上の電圧が得られることを確認し、集積回路システムの駆動に十分な出力が得られることを確認した。さらに、皮下間質液程度の糖濃度においても、数mV程度の出力の変化が生じ、血糖モニタリングとして実用上十分な感度・分解能を有していることを確認した。
さらに、暗所下においても利用可能な電磁波からの環境発電や微弱光からの光発電を活用する技術を開発することに成功した。糖発電素子に必要な面積を大幅に削減する可能性があることを実証した。

Current Status of Research Progress

1: Research has progressed more than it was originally planned.

Reason

生体適合性を実現するために導入した生体適合膜の影響を確認でき、さらに生体適合膜を付けた状態でも十分な出力を得られることが確認できたため。さらに、当初は想定していなかった他の環境発電技術との融合技術を開発することに成功したため。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

２０１９年度に開発した針型糖発電素子モジュールを用いて、実際の生体実験を行うことを目指す。様々な動物種において血糖モニタリングが可能かを検証するために、それぞれの種における体液での動作検証を進める。

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Design and Theoretical Analysis of A BER-Modulated Inductive-Coupling Transceiver Using Dynamic Intermediate InterferenceControl Technique for Low-Power Communication (2020)
  • Author(s): G. Xu, K. Hayashi, S. Arata, S. Murakami, D. C. Bui, A. Kobayashi and K. Niitsu
  • Journal Title: Sensors and Materials Volume: - Pages: -
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Design and Verification of a Stochastic Oscillator Using Multiple Ring Oscillators and OR Gate for Low Voltage Operation in 65 nm CMOS (2020)
  • Author(s): S. Murakami, K. Hayashi, S. Arata, G. Xu, C. D. Bui, A. Kobayashi, and K. Niitsu
  • Journal Title: Sensors and Materials Volume: - Pages: -
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Fabrication of needle type solid-state CMOS compatible glucosefuel cell by CNT material for biomedical application (2020)
  • Author(s): M. Z. Islam, S. Arata, K. Hayashi, A. Kobayashi and K. Niitsu
  • Journal Title: Sensors and Materials Volume: - Pages: -
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] A Low-Power Inductive-Coupling Transmitter Using Supply-Insensitive Auxiliary Driving Under Supply-Voltage Fluctuation (2020)
  • Author(s): Y. Nishio, A. Kobayashi and K. Niitsu
  • Journal Title: Sensors and Materials Volume: - Pages: -
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Design of a Self-Controlled Dual-Oscillator-Based Supply Voltage Monitor for Biofuel-Cell-Combined Biosensing Systems in 65-nm CMOS and 55-nm DDC CMOS (2019)
  • Author(s): A. Kobayashi, K. Hayashi, S. Arata, S. Murakami, G. Xu, and K. Niitsu
  • Journal Title: IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems (TBioCAS) Volume: 13 Pages: 1152-1162
  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TBCAS.2019.2950509
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] A 385 ×385 μm20.165V 0.27nW Fully-Integrated Supply-Modulated OOK Transmitterin 65nm CMOS for Glasses-Free, Self-Powered, and Fuel-Cell-Embedded Continuous Glucose Monitoring Contact Lens (2019)
  • Author(s): K. Hayashi, S. Arata, G. Xu, S. Murakami, C. D. Bui,A. Kobayashi and K. Niitsu
  • Journal Title: IEICE Trans. Elec. Volume: E102.C Pages: 590-594
  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1587/transele.2018CTS0005
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] An FSK Inductive-Coupling Transceiver Using 60mV 0.64fJ/bit 0.0016 mm2Load-Modulated transmitter and LC-Oscillator-Based Receiver in 65 nm CMOS for Energy-Budget-Unbalanced Application (2019)
  • Author(s): K. Hayashi, S. Arata, G. Xu, S. Murakami, C. D. Bui, A. Kobayashi and K. Niits
  • Journal Title: IEICE Trans. Elec. Volume: E102.C Pages: 585-589
  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1587/transele.2018CTS0002
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Design and Theoretical Analysis of a Clock Jitter Reduction Circuit Using Gated Phase Blending Between Self-Delayed Clock Edges (2019)
  • Author(s): K. Niitsu, O. Kobayashi, T. J. Yamaguchi and H. Kobayashi
  • Journal Title: IEICE Electronics Express Volume: 16 Pages: 20190218
  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1587/elex.16.20190218
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] An Energy-Autonomous Biosensing Platform Using Supply-Sensing CMOS Integrated Sensor and Bio Fuel Cell for Next-Generation Healthcare IoT (2019)
  • Author(s): K. Niitsu
  • Journal Title: Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Volume: 57 Pages: 1002A5
  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.7567/JJAP.57.1002A5
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Design and Calibration of a Small-Footprint, Low-Frequency, and Low-Power Gate Leakage Timer Using Differential Leakage Technique (2019)
  • Author(s): Y. Nishio, A. Kobayashi, and K. Niitsu
  • Journal Title: IEICE Transactions on Electronics Volume: E102.C Pages: 269-275
  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1587/transele.2018CDP0005
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Design and analysis of a three-dimensional millimeter-wave frequency-shift based CMOS biosensor using vertically stacked spiral inductors in LC oscillators, (2019)
  • Author(s): M. Matsunaga, T. Nakanishi, A. Kobayashi, K. Nakazato, and K. Niitsu
  • Journal Title: Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing (ALOG) Volume: 98 Pages: 453-464
  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10470-018-1267-5
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Presentation] Bio-Fuel-Cell-Operated Biosensing System: Fundamental and Forecast (2020)
  • Author(s): K. Niitsu
  • Organizer: IEEE Latin American Symposium on Circuits and Systems (LASCAS)
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] A LC-Voltage-Controlled-Oscillator-Based BiosensorFocusing on β-Dispersion for Detecting Exosome in180 nm CMOS (2019)
  • Author(s): S. Murakami, T. Nakanishi, K. Hayashi, A. Kobayashi, M. Z.Islam, and K. Niitsu
  • Organizer: IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (APCCAS 2019)
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] A Solar-Cell-Assisted, 99.66% Biofuel Cell Area Reduced, Biofuel-Cell-Powered Wireless Biosensing System in 65-nm CMOS for Continuous Glucose Monitoring Contact Lenses (2019)
  • Author(s): A. Kobayashi, K. Hayashi, S. Arata, G. Xu, S. Murakami, C. D. Bui, T. M. Quan, M. Z. Islam, K. Niitsu
  • Organizer: IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS 2019)
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Verification of Inductive-Coupling-Based CMOS Biosensor Focusing Dielectric Loss of β-Dispersion for Detecting Exosomes Through Electromagnetic Simulation (2019)
  • Author(s): S. Murakami, T. Nakanishi, A. Kobayashi, M. Z. Islam, K. Niitsu
  • Organizer: IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS 2019)
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] A 40-GHz Fully-Integrated CMOS-Based Biosensor Circuit With an On-Chip Vector Network Analyzer for Circulaitng Tumor Cells Analysis (2019)
  • Author(s): T. Nakanishi, S. Murakami, A. Kobayashi, M. Z. Islam, and K. Niitsu
  • Organizer: IEEE NorCAS Conference
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] A 2.1-nW Burst-Pulse-Counting Supply VoltageMonitor for Biofuel-Cell-Combined Biosensing Systems in 180-nm CMOS (2019)
  • Author(s): A. Kobayashi, K. Hayashi, S. Arata, S. Murakami, G. Xu, M. Z. Islam, and K. Niitsu
  • Organizer: IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS 2019)
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 1D structural CNH dependency in needle type Solid-state CMOS compatible glu-cose Fuel Cell for open-circuit voltage and their biomedical application (2019)
  • Author(s): M. Z. Islam, S. Arata, K. Hayashi, A. Kobayashi, Y. Momoi and K. Niitsu
  • Organizer: 2019 international Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Design of Inductive-Coupling-Based CMOS Biosensor Focusing Dielectric Loss of βDispersion for Detecting Exosomes (2019)
  • Author(s): S. Murakami, T. Nakanishi, A. Kobayashi, M. Z. Islam, K. Niitsu
  • Organizer: 2019 Taiwan and Japan Conference on Circuits and Systems (TJCAS 2019 at Nikko)
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] A 40-GHz Fully Integrated On-Chip-VNA-based Circulating Tumor Cells Analyzer in 65-nm CMOS Technology (2019)
  • Author(s): T. Nakanishi, S. Murakami, A. Kobayashi, Md. Z. Islam, K. Niitsu
  • Organizer: 2019 Taiwan and Japan Conference on Circuits and Systems (TJCAS 2019 at Nikko)
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Design of On-Chip Integrated Solar Cells in 65nm CMOS Technology for Solar-Cell-Powered Continuous Glucose Monitoring Systems (2019)
  • Author(s): K. Uchiyama, S. Jodo, S. Murakami, M. Z. Islam, A. Kobayashi, K. Niitsu
  • Organizer: 2019 Taiwan and Japan Conference on Circuits and Systems (TJCAS 2019 at Nikko)
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Design of CMOS GaN Gate Driver for 13.56MHz GaN-Based Power Electronics Application in 180nm High-Voltage CMOS Technology (2019)
  • Author(s): S. Jodo, C. D. Bui, K. Uchiyama, M. Z. Islam, A. Kobayashi, K. Niitsu
  • Organizer: 2019 Taiwan and Japan Conference on Circuits and Systems (TJCAS 2019 at Nikko)
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Desing of A CML-Based NMOS-Only SelfOscillating Voltage Doubler for Enabling UltraLow Start-Up Voltage in 65-nm CMOS Technology (2019)
  • Author(s): R. Sakai, S. Murakami, T. Nakanishi, M. Z. Islam, A. Kobayashi, K. Niitsu
  • Organizer: 2019 Taiwan and Japan Conference on Circuits and Systems (TJCAS 2019 at Nikko)
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Enhance OCV of CNH dependency in Solid-state CMOS compatible glucose Fuel Cell for next-generation internet of things (IoT) (2019)
  • Author(s): M. Z. Islam, S. Arata, K. Hayashi, A. Kobayashi, Y. Momoi and K. Niitsu
  • Organizer: Molecular Electronics and Bioelectronics (M&BE)
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 0.27nW Fully-Integrated Supply-Modulated OOK Transmitter in 65nm CMOS for Self-Powered and Low-Cost Continuous Glucose Monitoring Contact Lens (2019)
  • Author(s): K. Hayashi, S. Arata, G. Xu, S. Murakami, C. D. Bui, A. Kobayashi, and K. Niitsu
  • Organizer: ISPlasma2019 / IC-PLANTS2019
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Various Type of CNT Dispersion Applied to Bio-Fuel Cell for High Yield of Production (2019)
  • Author(s): M. Z. Islam, S. Arata, K. Hayashi, A. Kobayashi and K. Niitsu
  • Organizer: ISPlasma2019 / IC-PLANTS2019
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] A 65-nm CMOS 1.4-nW Self-Controlled Dual-Oscillator-Based Supply Voltage Monitor for Biofuel-Cell-Combined Biosensing Systems (2019)
  • Author(s): A. Kobayashi, K. Hayashi, S. Arata, S. Murakami, G. Xu, and K. Niitsu
  • Organizer: IEEE International Conference on International Symposium Circuits and Systems (ISCAS 2019)
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] CMOS biomedical IoT design for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (2019)
  • Author(s): K. Niitsu
  • Organizer: The 3rd Conference on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (CTERM 2019)
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] AI-Based Edge-Intelligent Hypoglycemia Prediction System Using Alternate Learning and Inference Method for Blood Glucose Level Data with Low-periodicity (2019)
  • Author(s): T. M. Quan, T. Doike, D. C. Bui, K. hayashi, S. Arata, A. Kobayashi, Md. Z. Islam, K. Niitsu
  • Organizer: IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Circuits and Systems (AICAS 2019)
  • Int'l Joint Research
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