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Study of nucleosynthesis in neutron star merger with optical-infrared follow-up observations of gravitational wave sources

Planned

Project AreaGravitational wave physics and astronomy: Genesis
Project/Area Number 17H06363
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Review Section Science and Engineering
Research InstitutionNational Astronomical Observatory of Japan

Principal Investigator

吉田 道利  国立天文台, ハワイ観測所, 教授 (90270446)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) 冨永 望  甲南大学, 理工学部, 教授 (00550279)
関口 雄一郎  東邦大学, 理学部, 准教授 (50531779)
川端 弘治  広島大学, 宇宙科学センター, 教授 (60372702)
伊藤 洋一  兵庫県立大学, 自然・環境科学研究所, 教授 (70332757)
田中 雅臣  東北大学, 理学研究科, 准教授 (70586429)
酒向 重行  東京大学, 大学院理学系研究科(理学部), 准教授 (90533563)
Project Period (FY) 2017-06-30 – 2022-03-31
Project Status Granted (Fiscal Year 2020)
Budget Amount *help
¥205,400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥158,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥47,400,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥36,660,000 (Direct Cost: ¥28,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥8,460,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥46,410,000 (Direct Cost: ¥35,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥10,710,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥56,160,000 (Direct Cost: ¥43,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥12,960,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥29,510,000 (Direct Cost: ¥22,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥6,810,000)
Keywords光赤外線天文学 / 重力波天文学 / 重力波天体 / 突発天体 / 中性子星 / 元素合成 / 光学赤外線天文学
Outline of Annual Research Achievements

平成29年度前半は、J-GEMネットワークを用いて、米国および欧州の重力波望遠鏡LIGO、Virgoによる重力波観測のフォローアップ観測を重点的に行い、GW170814、GW170817の二つのイベントについて重力波の光赤外線対応天体探査を実施した。このうち、GW170817は人類初の中性子星合体の直接検出であったが、国立天文台すばる望遠鏡、名古屋大学IRSF望遠鏡などを用いて、光赤外線対応天体を検出、追跡観測することに成功した。すばる望遠鏡の観測は重力波発生から17時間後に行う事ができ、初期の可視光光度変化を追跡した。IRSFはおよそ1日後から観測を開始し、1μmから2μmまでの近赤外線で12日間の追跡観測を実施した。さらにすばる望遠鏡での赤外線追観測も実施して、総計15日間の追跡観測に成功した。このデータを詳細に分析し、本研究チームの理論班の理論シミュレーションと比較した結果、中性子星合体から放出された超高速物質中で高速の中性子捕獲反応が起こり、その結果大量の重元素が合成されたという証拠が得られた。これらの元素の放射性崩壊熱による光赤外線放射を捉えることに成功したのである。この追跡観測は、世界の他のチームとも協力しながら進めた。これは人類が初めて重力波と電磁波の双方を用いて天体現象を観測した画期的なイベントであり、ここにマルチメッセンジャー天文学の新たな地平が切り拓かれた。
並行して、中性子星を含む合体現象に関する数値相対論シミュレーションを進め、ニュートリノのエネルギー算出の研究を進めた。また、中性子星合体からの放出物質中の元素合成のシミュレーションを行い、放出物質からの電磁波放射の計算を行った。こうした理論的研究は、上記の観測データ解釈に用いた。

Current Status of Research Progress
Current Status of Research Progress

1: Research has progressed more than it was originally planned.

Reason

J-GEMネットワークによって、人類初の中性子星合体からの重力波検出であったGW170817の光赤外線追跡観測に成功し、重力波に伴う電磁波放射を捉えることに成功し、さらに2週間以上にわたってその光度変化を追跡することができた。そして、これらのデータと理論シミュレーションの結果を詳細に比較することで、中性子星合体からの放出物質中で、大量の鉄より重い元素が合成されているという証拠を得た。この研究結果は、r-過程元素の起源に迫る重要なものであり、すべてのr-過程元素が中性子星合体で合成されるという確実な証拠までは至らないものの、少なくとも一部のr-過程元素の合成現場を観測的に明らかにしたという意義がある。これは本計画研究の最終目標に迫るものであり、当初の予想をはるかに超える大きな成果であった。したがって、「当初の計画以上に進展している」と自己評価する。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

今後も以下の二本の柱で研究を推進する。
(1)数値相対論シミュレーションによる中性子星を含む合体現象からの電磁波放射の理論研究。平成30年度は、連星中性子星合体の数値相対論シミュレーションを行い、合体時に放出される中性子過剰物質の化学的・熱力学的性質を明らかにするとともに、多次元輻射輸送計算に必要な流体背景場モデルを提供する。重力波イベントGW170817によって中性子星の状態方程式モデルに制限が課せられたため、その制限に整合的な状態方程式を採用する。その上で、幾つかの連星パラメータでシミュレーションを行う。また、多次元輻射輸送シミュレーションを行い、GW170817の可視光赤外線対応天体の特徴を再現する二次元モデルを構築する。この結果に基づき、同じような中性子星合体が赤道方向から観測された場合の予想を提供する。さらに、連星の総質量質量比が異なる場合のシミュレーションも行う。これらを総合して、将来の中性子星合体イベントの観測に備える。
(2)J-GEMネットワークによる重力波源の電磁波対応天体の探査観測研究。平成30年後半にはLIGOおよびVirgoの第三回定常観測ランO3が行われる予定であるため、それに向けて年度前半はJ-GEM観測システムの整備に集中する。この時、GW170817での観測経験を活かして観測効率の大幅な向上を目指す。また、大型計算機を導入し、迅速なデータ処理システムの構築を行う。年度後半はO3に対応したフォローアップ観測を重点的に行い、複数の中性子星合体イベントの光赤外線対応天体の検出と追跡を目指す。

Report

(1 results)
  • 2017 Annual Research Report

Research Products

(43 results)

All 2018 2017 Other

All Int'l Joint Research Journal Article Presentation Remarks

  • [Int'l Joint Research] California Institute of Technology/European Gravitational Observatory/Max-Plank Instiut(アメリカ合衆国、他)

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] 中国国家天文台/紫金山天文台(中華人民共和国)

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
  • [Int'l Joint Research] National Institute for Astrophysics(イタリア)

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Intermediate-mass Elements in Young Supernova Remnants Reveal Neutron Star Kicks by Asymmetric Explosions2018

    • Author(s)
      Katsuda Satoru、Morii Mikio、Janka Hans-Thomas、Wongwathanarat Annop、Nakamura Ko、Kotake Kei、Mori Koji、M?ller Ewald、Takiwaki Tomoya、Tanaka Masaomi、Tominaga Nozomu、Tsunemi Hiroshi
    • Journal Title

      Intermediate-mass Elements in Young Supernova Remnants Reveal Neutron Star Kicks by Asymmetric Explosions

      Volume: 856 Pages: 1-18

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/aab092

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] A surge of light at the birth of a supernova2018

    • Author(s)
      Bersten M. C. , Folatelli G. , Garcia F. , Van Dyk S. D. , Benvenuto O. G. , Orellana M. , Buso V. , Sanchez J. L. , Tanaka M. , Maeda K. , et al.
    • Journal Title

      Nature

      Volume: 554 Pages: 497-499

    • DOI

      10.1038/nature25151

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] A challenge to identify an optical counterpart of the gravitational wave event GW151226 with Hyper Suprime-Cam2018

    • Author(s)
      Utsumi Yousuke , Tominaga Nozomu , Tanaka Masaomi , Morokuma Tomoki , Yoshida Michitoshi , Asakura Yuichiro , Finet Francois , Furusawa Hisanori , Kawabata Koji S , Liu Wei , et al.
    • Journal Title

      Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

      Volume: 70 Pages: 1-1

    • DOI

      10.1093/pasj/psx125

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] X-Ray Light Curve and Spectra of Shock Breakout in a Wind2018

    • Author(s)
      Ohtani Yukari、Suzuki Akihiro、Shigeyama Toshikazu、Tanaka Masaomi
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 853 Pages: 52-52

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/aaa482

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
  • [Journal Article] Properties of Kilonovae from Dynamical and Post-Merger Ejecta of Neutron Star Mergers2018

    • Author(s)
      Tanaka, M., Kato, D., Gaigalas, G., Rynkun, P., Radziute, L., Wanajo, S., Sekiguchi, Y., Nakamura, N., Tanuma, H., Murakami, I., Sakaue, H. A.
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 852 Pages: 109-109

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/aaa0cb

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey for an optical counterpart of GW1708172018

    • Author(s)
      Tominaga N.、Tanaka M.、Morokuma T.、Utsumi Y.、Yamaguchi M. S、Yasuda N.、Tanaka M.、Yoshida M.、et al.
    • Journal Title

      Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

      Volume: 70 Pages: 1-11

    • DOI

      10.1093/pasj/psy007

    • NAID

      120006537077

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Kilonova from post-merger ejecta as an optical and near-Infrared counterpart of GW1708172017

    • Author(s)
      Tanaka Masaomi , Utsumi Yousuke , Mazzali Paolo A. , Tominaga Nozomu , Yoshida Michitoshi , Sekiguchi Yuichiro , Morokuma Tomoki , Motohara Kentaro , Ohta Kouji , Kawabata Koji S. , et al.
    • Journal Title

      Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

      Volume: 69 Pages: 102-102

    • DOI

      10.1093/pasj/psx121

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] J-GEM observations of an electromagnetic counterpart to the neutron star merger GW1708172017

    • Author(s)
      Utsumi Yousuke , Tanaka Masaomi , Tominaga Nozomu , Yoshida Michitoshi , Barway Sudhanshu , Nagayama Takahiro , Zenko Tetsuya , Aoki Kentaro , Fujiyoshi Takuya , Furusawa Hisanori , et al.
    • Journal Title

      Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan

      Volume: 69 Pages: 101-101

    • DOI

      10.1093/pasj/psx118

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Spectroscopic identification of r-process nucleosynthesis in a double neutron-star merger2017

    • Author(s)
      Pian E. , D-Avanzo P. , Benetti S. , Branchesi M. , Brocato E. , Campana S. , Cappellaro E. , Covino S. , D’Elia V. , Fynbo J. P. U. , et al.
    • Journal Title

      Nature

      Volume: - Pages: 67-70

    • DOI

      10.1038/nature24298

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] A hybrid type Ia supernova with an early flash triggered by helium-shell detonation2017

    • Author(s)
      Jiang Ji-an、Shigeyama Toshikazu (他、25人中4番目)
    • Journal Title

      Nature

      Volume: 550 Pages: 80-83

    • DOI

      10.1038/nature23908

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger2017

    • Author(s)
      Abbott B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Adams, T., Addesso, P., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Afrough, M., Agarwal, B., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P. 他 Negoro, H. 含む 3656 名
    • Journal Title

      Astrophysical Journal Letters

      Volume: 848 Pages: 1-59

    • DOI

      10.3847/2041-8213/aa91c9

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Properties of Neutrino-driven Ejecta from the Remnant of a Binary Neutron Star Merger: Pure Radiation Hydrodynamics Case2017

    • Author(s)
      Fujibayashi Sho、Sekiguchi Yuichiro、Kiuchi Kenta、Shibata Masaru
    • Journal Title

      Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 846 Pages: 114-114

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/aa8039

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Light-curve and spectral properties of ultrastripped core-collapse supernovae leading to binary neutron stars2017

    • Author(s)
      Moriya, Takashi J.; Mazzali, Paolo A.; Tominaga, Nozomu; Hachinger, Stephan; Blinnikov, Sergei I.; Tauris, Thomas M.; Takahashi, Koh; Tanaka, Masaomi; Langer, Norbert; Podsiadlowski, Philipp
    • Journal Title

      Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

      Volume: 466 Pages: 2085-2098

    • DOI

      10.1093/mnras/stw3225

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research / Acknowledgement Compliant
  • [Journal Article] Molecular Gas Dominated 50 kpc Ram Pressure Stripped Tail of the Coma Galaxy D1002017

    • Author(s)
      Jachym Pavel , Sun Ming , Kenney Jeffrey D. P. , Cortese Luca , Combes Francoise , Yagi Masafumi , Yoshida Michitoshi , Palous Jan , Roediger Elke
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 839 Pages: 114-114

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/aa6af5

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Extended Ionized Gas Clouds in the Abell 1367 Cluster2017

    • Author(s)
      Yagi Masafumi , Yoshida Michitoshi , Gavazzi Giuseppe , Komiyama Yutaka , Kashikawa Nobunari , Okamura Sadanori
    • Journal Title

      The Astrophysical Journal

      Volume: 839 Pages: 65-65

    • DOI

      10.3847/1538-4357/aa68e3

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] Modeling GW170817 based on numerical relativity and its implications2017

    • Author(s)
      Shibata Masaru、Fujibayashi Sho、Hotokezaka Kenta、Kiuchi Kenta、Kyutoku Koutarou、Sekiguchi Yuichiro、Tanaka Masaomi
    • Journal Title

      Physical Review D

      Volume: 96 Pages: 123012-123012

    • DOI

      10.1103/physrevd.96.123012

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Journal Article] The radio structure of the peculiar narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy candidate J1100+44212017

    • Author(s)
      Gabanyi K. E、Frey S.、Paragi Z.、Jarvela E.、Morokuma T.、An T.、Tanaka M.、Tar I.
    • Journal Title

      Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

      Volume: 473 Pages: 1554-1561

    • DOI

      10.1093/mnras/stx2449

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] GW170817とは何だったか2018

    • Author(s)
      吉田道利
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会春季年会
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] GW170817: すばる望遠鏡HSCを用いた可視光対応天体の探索2018

    • Author(s)
      冨永望、田中雅臣、田中賢幸、吉田道利、諸隈智貴、他
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会春季年会
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] GW170817: J-GEMによる可視近赤外線追跡観測2018

    • Author(s)
      内海洋輔、田中雅臣、吉田道利、黒田大介、冨永望、他
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会春季年会
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] GW170817: 光赤外線対応天体とrプロセス元素合成2018

    • Author(s)
      田中雅臣、内海洋輔、冨永望、吉田道利、関口雄一郎、他
    • Organizer
      日本天文学会春季年会
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] B03 progress report (1) Follow-up observations of GW1708172018

    • Author(s)
      Tominaga, N.
    • Organizer
      The First Annual Area Symposium
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] B03 progress reeport (3) Numerical relativity simulations for GW1708172018

    • Author(s)
      Sekiguchi, Y.
    • Organizer
      The First Annual Area Symposium
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] GW170817 : Observations and Theoretical modelling2018

    • Author(s)
      Sekiguchi, Y.
    • Organizer
      Physics of Core-Collapse Supernovae and Compact Star Formations
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Time domain astronomy and gravitational wave sources2018

    • Author(s)
      Tanaka, M.
    • Organizer
      CREST International Symposium on Big Data Application
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Current Status of Subaru Telescope and It's Future Plan2017

    • Author(s)
      Yoshida, M.
    • Organizer
      WFIRST-Subaru synergistic observation workshop
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Subaru-EAO international partnership2017

    • Author(s)
      Yoshida, M.
    • Organizer
      Annual Meeting of Korean Astronomical Society
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Status Report of Subaru Telescope2017

    • Author(s)
      Yoshida, M.
    • Organizer
      Keck Science Meeting
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Summary of the research of the A02 sub-project2017

    • Author(s)
      Yoshida, M., Motohara, K., Yanagisawa, K., et al.
    • Organizer
      Final Symposium of the Innovative Area on Multi-messenger Study of Gravitational Wave Sources
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Subaru Telescope: Current Status and Future2017

    • Author(s)
      Yoshida, M.
    • Organizer
      JSPA Japan-United States Science Collaboration Symposium
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Current Status and Future Plans of Subaru Telescope2017

    • Author(s)
      Yoshida, M.
    • Organizer
      The 48th annual meeting of the Canadian Astronomical Society
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Search for an optical/NIR counterpart of GW1708172017

    • Author(s)
      Tominaga, N.
    • Organizer
      Gravitational wave physics and astronomy: Genesis
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Searches for Electromagnetic Counterparts of Gravitational Waves2017

    • Author(s)
      Tominaga, N.
    • Organizer
      Neutron Star Mergers and Galactic Chemical Evolution
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] GW170817: A Modelling Based on Numerical Relativity2017

    • Author(s)
      Sekiguchi, Y.
    • Organizer
      Hadron and Nuclear physics workshop 2017
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Kilonova Emission from Compact Binary Mergers: Opacities of Lanthanide-rich and Lanthanide-free Ejecta2017

    • Author(s)
      Tanaka, M.
    • Organizer
      Electromagnetic Signatures of r-process Nucleosynthesis in Neutron Star Binary Mergers
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Optical/NIR Follow-up Observations of Neutron Star Mergers2017

    • Author(s)
      Tanaka, M.
    • Organizer
      The Physics of Extreme-Gravity Stars
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] J-GEM Follow-up Observations for gravitational wave events and GW1708172017

    • Author(s)
      Kawabata, K. S.
    • Organizer
      The 27th Workshop on General Relativity and Gravitation in Japan
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Presentation] Follow-up observations of EM counterparts of GW events by U-Tokyo2017

    • Author(s)
      Sako, S.
    • Organizer
      New development in astrophysics through multi-messenger observations of gravitational wave sources
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research
  • [Presentation] Dynamical Mass Ejection from BNS Mergers and r-Process Nucleosynthesis2017

    • Author(s)
      Sekiguchi, Y.
    • Organizer
      Neutron Star Mergers and Galactic Chemical Evolution
    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report
    • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
  • [Remarks] Gravitational wave physics and astronomy: Genesis

    • URL

      https://gw-genesis.scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp/ilias/ilias.php?baseClass=ilrepositorygui&reloadpublic=1&cmd=frameset&ref_id=1

    • Related Report
      2017 Annual Research Report

URL: 

Published: 2017-07-04   Modified: 2020-08-26  

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