| Budget Amount *help |
¥116,870,000 (Direct Cost: ¥89,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥26,970,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥21,710,000 (Direct Cost: ¥16,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥5,010,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥22,880,000 (Direct Cost: ¥17,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥5,280,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥24,050,000 (Direct Cost: ¥18,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥5,550,000)
Fiscal Year 2011: ¥23,790,000 (Direct Cost: ¥18,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥5,490,000)
Fiscal Year 2010: ¥24,440,000 (Direct Cost: ¥18,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥5,640,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
The birth and spread of novel agronomical traits during crop domestication are complex events in plant evolution. Wild rice (Oryza rufipogon) has red grains due to accumulation of pro-anthocyanidins meanwhile most rice (Oryza sativa) varieties have white grains with a genetic defect allele in Rc bHLH gene. Some rice varieties that have black grains due to accumulation of anthocyanins are sporadically distributed in Asia although the birth and local spread of black rice remains unknown. Here, we show that the ectopic expression of another bHLH gene, Kala4, due to rearrangement of its promoter region is the origin of the black rice trait. The birth of black rice would have occurred in a subspecies Tropical Japonica and the causal alleles of Kala4 have spread to another subspecies Indica. Small sizes of genomic fragments of Tropical Japonica origins in some Indica varieties indicated that refined introgression occurred by natural crossbreeding during local spread of this trait.
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