宇宙Ｘ線・ガンマ線観測による中性子星研究の新展開

• Project Area: Nuclear matter in neutron stars investigated by experiments and astronomical observations
• Project/Area Number: 24105007
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area)
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Research Institution: Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
• Principal Investigator: 高橋 忠幸 国立研究開発法人宇宙航空研究開発機構, 宇宙科学研究所, 教授 (50183851)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 内山 泰伸 立教大学, 理学部, 教授 (00435801) ; 辻本 匡弘 国立研究開発法人宇宙航空研究開発機構, 宇宙科学研究所, 助教 (10528178) ; 玉川 徹 国立研究開発法人理化学研究所, 仁科加速器研究センター, 准主任研究員 (20333312) ; 堂谷 忠靖 国立研究開発法人宇宙航空研究開発機構, 宇宙科学研究所, 教授 (30211410)
• Project Period (FY): 2012-06-28 – 2017-03-31
• Project Status: Granted(Fiscal Year 2016)
• Budget Amount: ¥183,300,000 (Direct Cost : ¥141,000,000、Indirect Cost : ¥42,300,000); Fiscal Year 2016 : ¥55,640,000 (Direct Cost : ¥42,800,000、Indirect Cost : ¥12,840,000); Fiscal Year 2015 : ¥30,550,000 (Direct Cost : ¥23,500,000、Indirect Cost : ¥7,050,000); Fiscal Year 2014 : ¥28,990,000 (Direct Cost : ¥22,300,000、Indirect Cost : ¥6,690,000); Fiscal Year 2013 : ¥30,030,000 (Direct Cost : ¥23,100,000、Indirect Cost : ¥6,930,000); Fiscal Year 2012 : ¥38,090,000 (Direct Cost : ¥29,300,000、Indirect Cost : ¥8,790,000)
• Keywords: X線天文学 / 中性子星 / ガンマ線天文学 / 半導体検出器 / ASTRO-H / 放射線検出器

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

ASTRO-H衛星の打ち上げ後ただちに解析を行うための、解析ソフトウェアの開発を進めた。 地上試験装置の読み出しソフトウェアの整備やその確認をへて、マイクロカロリメータ(SXS)の分光性能を活かした観測、硬X線や軟ガンマ線を含めた広帯域な観測を実施するための検出器の試験を実施し、性能を評価した。軟ガンマ線検出器の地上試験装置を用い、偏光観測に対する性能評価のため、SPring-8で実験を行った。打ち上げ後観測すべき天体、特に中性子星の選定のための検討作業を進めた。ASTRO-H衛星は平成28年2月17日、打ち上げられ、「ひとみ」と命名された。打ち上げ後，マイクロカロリメータのエネルギー分解能が要求性能を満たしていることを確認し、X線CCD (SXI)、硬X線イメージャ(HXI)、軟ガンマ線検出器（SGD）の立ち上げが行われた。ASTRO-H衛星を用いて、中性子星の重力赤方偏移が探れるための具体的な検討をおこなった。

宇宙ステーション搭載のX線全天モニター MAXI で捉えた、低質量X線連星系におけるX線バーストを系統的に解析し、その特徴などをまとめた。次世代の衛星開発として、米国 NASA と共同申請していたX線偏光観測衛星 PRAXySが、概念設計フェーズに選定された。この申請の中で、次世代の中性子星観測装置として、X線偏光計開発を主導し、系統誤差などの特性調査を米国と共同で実施した。
フェルミ・コラボレーションでの共同研究により銀河系外パルサーからのガンマ線を初めて検出し、サイエンス誌に発表した。そのフォローアップのガンマ線解析を行った。
将来の衛星計画のために,高い計数下で優れた分光性能を示すCMOSセンサーの検討を行ない、試作を開始した。

Current Status of Research Progress

3 :  Progress in research has been slightly delayed.

Reason

2015年度に関しては順調に計画は進み、ASTRO-H衛星を無事打ち上げることに成功した。本研究で重点的に研究をおこなった、パルス解析装置の高計数率化の部分は、軌道上でも想定通りに動作した。また、並行して進めている耐高計数のシリコンセンサの試作もおこなった。偏光観測についても、米国 NASA と共同申請していたX線偏光観測衛星 PRAXySが、概念設計フェーズに選定された。一方で、ASTRO-H(ひとみ)衛星は３月２６日に軌道上不具合が発生し、運用を停止せざるをえない状況になった。そのため、次年度にASTRO-H衛星を用いて行う事が予定されていた計画を変更せざるをえない。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

ひとみ衛星の不具合をうけて、ひとみ衛星による観測は実現しない状況にある。そのため、本研究の目的の一つとして掲げられていた検出器開発や、X線衛星やガンマ線衛星、また、チェレンコフTeV望遠鏡などのデータを用いた観測的研究や理論的研究などをすすめ、可能な限りの成果をあげる。

Research Products

• [Journal Article] The First Demonstration of the Concept of “narrow-FOV Si/CdTe semiconductor Compton camera" (2016)
  • Author(s): Ichinohe, Yuto ; Uchida, Yuusuke ; Watanabe, Shin ; Edahiro, Ikumi ; Hayashi, Katsuhiro ; Kawano, Takafumi ; Ohno, Masanori ; Ohta, Masayuki ; Takeda, Shin'ichiro ; Fukazawa, Yasushi ; Katsuragawa, Miho ; Nakazawa, Kazuhiro ; Odaka, Hirokazu ; Tajima, Hiroyasu ; Takahashi, Hiromitsu ; Takahashi, Tadayuki et al.
  • Journal Title: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment Volume : 806 Pages : 5, 13
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2015.09.081
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research / Acknowledgement Compliant
• [Journal Article] Origin of the X-ray Broad Iron Spectral Feature in GRS 1915+105 (2016)
  • Author(s): Mizumoto, M., Ebisawa, K., Tsujimoto, M., and Inoue, H.
  • Journal Title: PASJ Volume : N/A Pages : 1-14
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psv125
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] A Portable Si/CdTe Compton Camera and its Applications to the Visualization of Radioactive Substances (2015)
  • Author(s): Takeda, Shin'ichiro ; Harayama, Atsushi ; Ichinohe, Yuto ; Odaka, Hirokazu ; Watanabe, Shin ; Takahashi, Tadayuki ; Tajima, Hiroyasu ; Genba, Kei ; Matsuura, Daisuke ; Ikebuchi, Hiroshi ; Kuroda, Yoshikatsu ; Tomonaka, Tetsuya
  • Journal Title: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment Volume : 787 Pages : 207,211
  • DOI: doi:10.1016/j.nima.2014.11.119
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Observation of Polarized Hard X-ray Emission from the Crab by the PoGOLite Pathfinder, (2015)
  • Author(s): Chauvin, M et al.
  • Journal Title: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Volume : 456 Pages : L84-L88
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnrasl/slv177
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] An Extremely Bright Gamma-ray Pulsar in the Large Magellanic Cloud (2015)
  • Author(s): Ackermann, M., et al.
  • Journal Title: Science Volume : 350 Pages : 801-805
  • DOI: 10.1126/science.aac7400
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] The Si/CdTe semiconductor Compton camera of the ASTRO-H Soft Gamma-ray Detector (SGD) (2014)
  • Author(s): S. Watanabe, H. Tajima Y. Fukazawa, Y. Ichinohe, S. Takeda, T. Enoto, T. Fukuyama, S. Furui, K. Genba, K. Hagino, A. Harayama, Y. Kuroda, D. Matsuura, R. Nakamura, K. Nakazawa, H. Noda, H. Odaka, M. Ohta, M. Onishi, S. Saito, G. Sato, T. Sato, T. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, A. Togo, S. Tomizuka
  • Journal Title: Nucl. Instr. Meth. A Volume : 21 Pages : 192-201
  • DOI: 10.10.16/j.nima.2014.05.127
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Discovery of recombining plasma in the supernova remnant 3C 391 (2014)
  • Author(s): Sato, T., Koyama, K., Takahashi, T., Odaka, H., Nakashima, S.
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume : 66 Pages : 124-138
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psu120
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] X-ray Development of the Classical Nova V2672 Ophiuchi with Suzaku (2014)
  • Author(s): Takei, D., Tsujimoto, M., Drake, J. J., Kitamoto, S.
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume : 66 Pages : 37
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psu019
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] NGC 7538 : Multiwavelength Study of Stellar Cluster Regions associated with IRS 1-3 and IRS 9 sources (2014)
  • Author(s): Mallick, K. K., Ojha, D. K., Tamura, M., Pandey, A. K., Dib, S., Ghosh, S. K., Sunada, K., Zinchenko, I., Pirogov, L., Tsujimoto, M.
  • Journal Title: MNRAS Volume : 443 Pages : 3218-3237
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stu1396
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Bin mode estimation methods for Compton camera imaging (2014)
  • Author(s): Ikeda, S., Odaka, H., Uemura, M., Takahashi, T, Watanabe, S, Takeda, S.
  • Journal Title: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A Volume : 760 Pages : 46-56
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2014.05.081
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] 中性子星降着流からのX線放射―モンテカルロ計算による放射モデル (2014)
  • Author(s): 小高裕和
  • Journal Title: 天 文月報 Volume : 10 Pages : 544-553
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Short-term variability of X-rays from accreting neutron star vela X-1. II. Monte Carlo modeling (2014)
  • Author(s): Odaka, H., Khangulyan, D., Tanaka, Y.T., Watanabe, S., Takahashi, T., Makishima, K.
  • Journal Title: Astrophysical Journal Volume : 767 Pages : 12 pp.
  • DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/780/1/38
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Development of a Diehard GEM using PTFE insulator substrate (2014)
  • Author(s): Wakabayashi, M.; Komiya, K.; Tamagawa, T.; Takeuchi, Y.; Aoki, K.; Taketani, A.; Hamagaki, H.
  • Journal Title: Journal of Instrumentation Volume : 9 Pages : C03043
  • DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/9/03/C03043
• [Journal Article] Short-term variability of x-rays from accreting neutron star vela X-1. I. Suzaku observations (2013)
  • Author(s): Odaka, H., Khangulyan, D., Tanaka, Y.T., Watanabe, S., Takahashi, T., Makishima, K.
  • Journal Title: Astrophysical Journal Volume : 780 Pages : 17 pp.
  • DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/767/1/70
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Reflection-dominated Nuclear X-Ray Emission in the Early-type Galaxy ESO 565-G019 (2013)
  • Author(s): Gandhi, P. ; Terashima, Y. ; Yamada, S. ; Mushotzky, R. F. ; Ueda, Y. ; Baumgartner, W. H. ; Alexander, D. M. ; Malzac, J. ; Vaghmare, K. ; Takahashi, T.; Done C
  • Journal Title: Astrophysical Journal Volume : 773 Pages : 9 pp.
  • DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/773/1/51
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Detection of a 522 s Pulsation from the Transient X-ray Source Suzaku J0102.8-7204 (SXP 522) in the Small Magellanic Cloud (2013)
  • Author(s): Wada, Q., Tsujimoto, M., Ebisawa, K., Miller, E. D.
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume : 65 Pages : 4 pp.
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/65.2.L2
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] X-ray Point Source Populations Constituting the Galactic Ridge X-ray Emission (2013)
  • Author(s): Morihana, K., Tsujimoto, M., Ebisawa, K., Yoshida, T.
  • Journal Title: Astrophysical Journal Volume : 766 Pages : 5 pp.
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/65.5.L10
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Suzaku Follow-Up Observation of the Activated Magnetar 1E 1547.0-5408 (2013)
  • Author(s): Iwahashi, T.; Enoto, T.; Yamada, S.; Nishioka, H.; Nakazawa, K; Tamagawa, T.; Makishima, K.,
  • Journal Title: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan Volume : 65 Pages : 12 pp.
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/65.3.52
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Proton radiation damage experiment on P-Channel CCD for an X-ray CCD camera onboard the ASTRO-H satellite (2013)
  • Author(s): Koji Mori, Yusuke Nishioka, Satoshi Obura, Yoshiaki Koura, Makoto Yamauchi, Hiroshi Nakajima, Shutaro Ueda, Hiroaki Kan, Naohisa Anabuki, Ryo Nagino, Kiyoshi Hayashida, Hiroshi Tsunemi, Takayoshi Kohmura, Shoma Ikeda, Hiroshi Murakami, Masanobu Ozaki, Tadayasu Dotani, Yukie Maeda, Kenshi Sagara
  • Journal Title: Nuclear Instruments & Methods in Physics Resaerch. A Volume : 731 Pages : 160-165
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.nima.2013.05.052
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] A new eclipsing low-mass X-ray binary with a giant companion (2013)
  • Author(s): Yoshitomo Maeda, Hideyuki Mori, Tadayasu Dotani
  • Journal Title: Advances in Space Research Volume : 57 Pages : 1278-1281
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.asr.2012.11.005
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Presentation] ASTRO-H 搭載 精密軟 X 線分光装置 SXS の開発の現状(15) (2016)
  • Author(s): 辻本匡弘他
  • Organizer: 日本天文学会2016年春季年会
  • Place of Presentation: 首都大学東京
  • Year and Date: 2016-03-14 – 2016-03-17
• [Presentation] X線偏光観測衛星 PRAXyS の進捗状況 (2016)
  • Author(s): 玉川徹、他
  • Organizer: 日本天文学会2016年春季年会
  • Place of Presentation: 首都大学東京
  • Year and Date: 2016-03-14 – 2016-03-17
• [Presentation] Gravitational Redshifts of spectral features to be Probed with ASTRO-H (2015)
  • Author(s): 堂谷忠靖
  • Organizer: Comprehensive Studies of Neutron Stars
  • Place of Presentation: 理研和光キャンパス
  • Year and Date: 2015-11-24 – 2015-11-25
• [Presentation] SpaceWire-based Network Architecture for the ASTRO-H X-ray Satellite, New Parts and Manufacturing Technologies for Changing the Space Electronics (2015)
  • Author(s): Tadayuki. Takahashi
  • Organizer: The 28th Microelectronics Worksho
  • Place of Presentation: 筑波国際会議場
  • Year and Date: 2015-10-21 – 2015-10-22
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] X-ray generator: an application of micro pattern gas detector (2015)
  • Author(s): Tamagawa, T.
  • Organizer: 4th International Micro Pattern Gaseouse Detector Conference
  • Place of Presentation: Trieste, Italy
  • Year and Date: 2015-10-12 – 2015-10-15
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] The Si/CdTe Semiconductor Camera of the ASTRO-H Hard X-ray Imager (HXI) (2015)
  • Author(s): G. Sato, M. Kokubun, K. Nakazawa, K. Hagino, S. Watanabe, M. Kawaharada, R. Sato, H. Odaka, A. Harayama, K. Hayashi, M. Ohta, K. Mori, T. Takahashi, et al.
  • Organizer: 10th Hiroshima Symposium
  • Place of Presentation: Xi’an
  • Year and Date: 2015-09-25 – 2015-09-29
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] New Development in quest for cosmic ray brought by hard X-ray and soft Gamma-ray Observations (2015)
  • Author(s): 高橋忠幸
  • Organizer: 日本物理学会2015年秋季大会
  • Place of Presentation: 大阪市立大学
  • Year and Date: 2015-09-25 – 2015-09-28
  • Invited
• [Presentation] ASTRO-H搭載超精密軟X線分光器開発と現状(14) (2015)
  • Author(s): 辻本匡弘他
  • Organizer: 日本天文学会秋季年会
  • Place of Presentation: 甲南大学
  • Year and Date: 2015-09-09 – 2015-09-11
• [Presentation] Synergies between X-ray and Gamma-ray Observations of Cosmic Accelerators (2015)
  • Author(s): Uchiyama, Y
  • Organizer: Athena Science Conference
  • Place of Presentation: Madrid, Spain
  • Year and Date: 2015-09-08 – 2015-09-10
  • Invited
• [Presentation] A broad spectral feature detected during the cooling phase of a thermonuclear X-ray burst from GRS 1747-312 with Suzaku (2015)
  • Author(s): Iwai, M., Dotani, T., Ozaki, M., Maeda, Y., Mori, H., Saji, S.,
  • Organizer: IAU General Assembly Meeting #29
  • Place of Presentation: Hawaii
  • Year and Date: 2015-08-03 – 2015-08-14
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] X線天文衛星でさぐる高密度天体 (2015)
  • Author(s): 堂谷忠靖
  • Organizer: 学術3領域(重力波天体・地下素核研究・中性子星核物質)合同シンポジウム 「多面的アプローチで解きあかす宇宙と天体」
  • Place of Presentation: 東北大学
  • Year and Date: 2015-07-24 – 2015-07-25
• [Presentation] Surface gravitational redshift of a neutron star measured with a thermonuclear X-ray burst with photospheric radius expansion from GRS 1747-312 (2015)
  • Author(s): Iwai, M., Dotani, T., Ozaki, M., Maeda, Y., Mori, H., Saji, S.,
  • Organizer: 40 years of X-ray bursts: Extreme explosions in dense environments
  • Place of Presentation: ESA/ESAC, Spain
  • Year and Date: 2015-06-17 – 2015-06-19
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] In-orbit Performance Estimation of the Hard X-ray Imager onboard ASTRO-H with Monte Carlo simulations (2015)
  • Author(s): K. Hagino, H. Odaka, K. Miyake, G. Sato, T. Sato, S. Watanabe, M. Kokubun,T. Takahashi, S. Takeda, S. Saito, S. Kobayashi, T. Nakano, K. Nakazawa, T. Mimura, J. Kataoka, H. Tajima, H. Takahashi, T. Mizuno, Y. Fukazawa, and the HXI team,
  • Organizer: 11th Geant4 Space Users’ Workshop
  • Place of Presentation: 広島大学
  • Year and Date: 2015-04-26 – 2015-04-28
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] X線観測とCTA，Multiwavelength Astronomy and CTA: X-rays (2015)
  • Author(s): 高橋忠幸
  • Organizer: 物理学会年会
  • Place of Presentation: 早稲田大学
  • Year and Date: 2015-03-21 – 2015-03-24
  • Invited
• [Presentation] ASTRO-H計画の概要 (2015)
  • Author(s): 高橋忠幸
  • Organizer: 天文学会年会
  • Place of Presentation: 大阪大学
  • Year and Date: 2015-03-18 – 2015-03-21
  • Invited
• [Presentation] ASTRO-H & MONACO for X-ray Polarimetry (2014)
  • Author(s): Hirokazu Odaka
  • Organizer: X-ray Polarisation in Astrophysics -a window about to open?
  • Place of Presentation: ストックホルム
  • Year and Date: 2014-08-25 – 2014-08-28
• [Presentation] GEM production in Japan and applications (2014)
  • Author(s): GEM production in Japan and applications
  • Organizer: CERN seminar
  • Place of Presentation: Geneva
  • Year and Date: 2014-07-14
• [Presentation] GEM production in Japan”, Ecole Polytechnique LLR IN2P3 (2014)
  • Author(s): Tamagawa, T
  • Organizer: Ecole Polytechnique LLR IN2P3
  • Place of Presentation: France
  • Year and Date: 2014-07-09
  • Invited
• [Presentation] The ASTRO-H X-ray astronomy satellite (2014)
  • Author(s): 7.T. Takahashi
  • Organizer: pace Telescopes and Instrumentation 2014: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray
  • Place of Presentation: Montreal
  • Year and Date: 2014-06-22 – 2014-06-26
• [Presentation] Monte Carlo Modelling of Comptonised X-ray Radiation from Accretion Flows onto Neutron Stars and Black Holes (2014)
  • Author(s): Hirokazu Odaka
  • Organizer: The X-ray Universe 2014
  • Place of Presentation: Dublin
  • Year and Date: 2014-06-16 – 2014-06-19
• [Presentation] The ASTRO-H X-ray Observatory toward the next 50 years of X-ray Astronomy (2013)
  • Author(s): Tadayuki Takahashi
  • Organizer: The 1st COSPAR Sympsium
  • Place of Presentation: Bangkok, Thailand
  • Year and Date: 20131111-20131115
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Space Astronomy and Astrophysics Program in Japan (2013)
  • Author(s): Tadayuki Takahashi
  • Organizer: The 1st COSPAR Sympsium
  • Place of Presentation: Bangkok, Thailand
  • Year and Date: 20131111-20131115
  • Invited
• [Presentation] The ASTRO-H X-ray Observatory - X-raying the Gamma-ray Universe (2013)
  • Author(s): Tadayuki Takahashi
  • Organizer: LINK Meeting (Fujiwara Foundation)
  • Place of Presentation: Hakone, Japan
  • Year and Date: 20131104-20131106
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Development of Die Hard GEM using PTFE Insulator Substrate (2013)
  • Author(s): Toru Tamagawa
  • Organizer: Micro Pattern Gaseous Detector 2013
  • Place of Presentation: Zaragoza, Spain
  • Year and Date: 20130701-20130703
• [Presentation] The ASTRO-H X-ray Observatory toward the next 50 years of X-ray Astronomy (2013)
  • Author(s): Tadayuki Takahashi
  • Organizer: 13 th meeing of the High Energy Astrophysics Division (AAS HEAD Meeting)
  • Place of Presentation: Monterey CA
  • Year and Date: 20130407-20130411
  • Invited
• [Presentation] The ASTRO-H mission and prospects for constraining the mass-radius relation of a neutron star
  • Author(s): Tadayasu Dotani
  • Organizer: Neutron star matter in view of nuclear experiments and astronomical observations
  • Place of Presentation: Kyoto University
• [Remarks] ASTRO-H 次期X線国際天文衛星
  • URL: http://astro-h.isas.jaxa.jp
• [Patent(Industrial Property Rights)] 放射線測定装置及び放射線測定方法 (2015)
  • Inventor(s): 松浦大介、高橋忠幸他
  • Industrial Property Rights Holder: 松浦大介、高橋忠幸他
  • Industrial Property Rights Type: 特許
  • Industrial Property Number: 特願2015-147025
  • Filing Date: 2015-07-24
  • Application Year: 2015