Effect of Chemical Spray on Net Photosynthesis, Transpiration and Cell Reaction of Fruit Tree Leaves

Research Project

Project/Area Number	01560029
Research Category	Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
Allocation Type	Single-year Grants
Research Field	園芸・造園学
Research Institution	Shinshu University
Principal Investigator	KUMASHIRO Katsumi Fac. Agr., Shinshu Univ., Professor, 農学部, 教授 (40021042)
Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha)	TATEISHI Shigeaki Fac. Agr., Shinshu Univ., Professor, 農学部, 教授 (80021070)
Project Period (FY)	1989 – 1990
Project Status	Completed (Fiscal Year 1990)
Budget Amount *help	¥1,800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,800,000) Fiscal Year 1990: ¥300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥300,000) Fiscal Year 1989: ¥1,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,500,000)
Keywords	Chemical Spray / Net Photosynthesis Rate (Pn) / Transpiration Rate (tr) / Stomatal Conductance (Gs) / SADH / Auxin-type chemicals / Fluorescence / 農薬散布 / 光合成速度 / 蒸散速度 / 気孔拡散伝導度 / ジベレリン生合成抑制剤 / 開口気孔 / ビ-ナイン
Research Abstract	1. Seasonal change of net photosynthesis rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr) and stomatal conductance (Gs) in leaves of apples, Japanese pears, peaches and grapes were measured by ADC pontable system in field conditions. It was observed that Pn, Tr and Gs decreased immediately after chemical spray and recovered gradually within a few days. 2. Pn, Tr and Gs in leaves of apples and grapes decreased remarkably by spray of SADH. Especially in young leaves, severe decreases occurred and recovery required several days. 3. Pn, Tr and Gs in leaves of apples decreased slightly by spray of auxintype chemicals to control of preharvest fruit drop, but recovered within a short time. 4. Effect of dust, wettable powder and emulsion of a insecticide "Sumithion" on Pn, Tr and Gs in leaves of Japanese pear was compared. The emulsion induced most severe inhibition among the three chemicals, and the degree of inhibition of the dust was the least. 5. Fluorescence was observed in the stomatal portion of leaves immediately after dipping into a solution of wettable agent by a reflecting fluorescence microscope. In 24 hours after dipping, the fluorescence was observed in the cells of spongy and palisade tissue in the leaves. 6. Closure of stomata was observed immediately after dipping into the solution of chemicals by a scanning electron microscope. The closure became severe after dipping into higher concentrated solutions.