| Budget Amount *help |
¥2,400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,400,000)
Fiscal Year 1992: ¥800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000)
Fiscal Year 1991: ¥1,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,600,000)
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| Research Abstract |
The comparative study between United States and Japan was intended on 60 months observation. This observation paradigm was consisted by 5 independent episodes and 5 free play episodes. The American subjects displayed more aggressive during the stress play and asked more question towards the mother when they required toy pick up by the mother. In contrast to this, Japanese subjects were more self-controlled during the stress play and more obedient for their mothers' requirements as toy pick up. For instance, nobody opened toy box when the toy were clear away into the acrylic latched box and performed toy pick up less emotional distress. During 6 year olds, two observations were done. The first observation paradigm was intended to increase the stress reactions for the child. They required to copy a composition. Before this observation, all of the child was never required for any kind of study when he/she was participating to the observations. However, when they entered into the laborator
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y, the mother asked to do copy writing using the specimen on the table. When the child finished this task, mother required to copy another 4 different kinds of specimen which made by herself. The huge amount of sex differences between male and female children were revealed during this task. Male child had a more difficulties to do copy because their concern always focused on the toys. They needed almost twice time of copy work when compared to female. This suggests that they were more frustrated on this situation. The second observation paradigm revealed a very contrasted behavior tendencys between male and female children. The observation was done using a unit of three same sex members. Male groups showed more active interactions such as rough and tramble play, more conversation, and more prosocial behavior like as exchanging toys, exchanging the role,making discussion and so on. By contrast, many female children did not interact with conversation, exchange toys, and more protect by herself. Therefore, we found very restrictive interaction patterns on the female groups. As the difficulties of behavior coding from the VTR, the observation data dose not statistics yet. The published articles, therefore, during this fiscal year used 13-, 18-, 24-, and 30-months data. Further analyses are required on the subsequent ages. Less
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