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COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF CLIMBING ACTION OF THE PRIMATES INCLUDING HUMAN AND ITS EVOLUTIONARY SIGNIFICANCE

Research Project

Project/Area Number 04304010
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Co-operative Research (A)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Research Field 人類学(含生理人類学)
Research InstitutionRIKKYO UNIVERSITY

Principal Investigator

KOUHARA Yukinari  Rikkyo University PROFESSOR, 一般教育部, 教授 (60062501)

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) FUJINO Ken  Tokyo Metropolitan Inst.of Gerontology RESEARCH SCIENTIST, 助手 (30190060)
NAKANO Yoshihiko  Osaka University Faculty of Human Sciences ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, 人間科学部, 助手 (50217808)
KIMURA Tasuku  Primate Research Inst. Ibidem ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, 霊長類研究所, 助教授 (20161565)
IWAMOTO Mitsuo  Kyoto University Primate Research Inst. PROFESSOR, 霊長類研究所, 教授 (20027478)
OKADA Morihiko  University of Tsukuba Inst.of Health and Sports Sciences PROFESSOR, 体育科学系, 教授 (60011615)
宮下 節  筑波大学, 体育科学系, 助教授 (50015814)
Project Period (FY) 1992 – 1993
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 1993)
Budget Amount *help
¥17,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥17,000,000)
Fiscal Year 1993: ¥6,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,000,000)
Fiscal Year 1992: ¥11,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥11,000,000)
KeywordsTREE-CLIMBING / LOCOMOTION / MUSCLES OF EXTREMITIES / BONES OF EXTRMITIES / EMG / CEREBELLAR COMPLEX / BODY ACTIONS OF PRIMATES / VERTICAL LOCOMOTION / 霊長類 / 垂直移動運動 / 四肢筋 / 動作解析 / 基底核
Research Abstract

The present research project was undertaken first to define the morphological and physiological characteristics associated with tree-climbing ability in primates, and second to examine the evolutionary significance of the tree-climbing action as a pre-adaptation to the development of human bipedalism. The results obtained are as follows :
1.The postcranial morphology related to locomotor behavior. The limb bones of primates are characterized by great length, large external diameters, and robustness at the their midpoint in the lengthwise direction. In anthropoids locomotor activities are considered to be highly dependent on the morphology of the epaxial muscles and the humeral head. Three-dimensional analysis of the deltoid muscle's fiber architecture helps to provide a theoretical basis for clearly defining how the shoulder's range of motion has evolved.
2.Comparative physiology of locomotor activity during climbing. Kinematic analysis using monkeys and apes has revealed that the distri … More bution of force exerted by forelimbs and hindlimbs varies significantly in vertical climbing depending on the subject conditions. EMG activity of brachal musles in macaques gradually shifts to a "vertical-climbing pattern" as the substrate becomes more inclined. However, obsevation of the foot-fall sequence of macaques suggests that it gradually becomes closer to that of cursorial mammals. The interpretation of these results awaits further study. Biomechanical and EMG analysis of the human climbing motion on a ladder indicate that the investigation of ladder-climbing can contribute much to the understanding of how humans developed bipedalism.
3.Other morphological modifications enabling primate arboreality. A comparison of nuclei components of the cerebellar complex between Japanese macaques and spider monkeys shows that the latter are closer to great apes and humans in their development. The saccule of the laryngeal cavity is thought to assist airtrapping, thus helping to enhance forelimb activity in trees. Such development is extreme in brachiators while intermediate in humans, indicating an evolution away from an arboreal life. Less

Report

(3 results)
  • 1993 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report Summary
  • 1992 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (16 results)

All Other

All Publications (16 results)

  • [Publications] Fujino,K.: "Fibre architecture of the deltoid muscles in the Japanese macaque,with special reference to the relationship with that of the pec-toral muscles." Anthropol.Sci.102,suppl.97-114 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1993 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Hayama,S.,Chatani,K.and Nakatsukasa,M.: "Digitigrade hand and terrestrial adaptation in the Japanese Monkey." Anthropol.Sci.102,suppl.115-125 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1993 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 葉山 杉夫: "コンゴにおけるアフリカ大型類人猿に関する病理解剖学的ならびに比較解剖学的研究." アフリカ研究. 45(印刷中). (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1993 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Hirasaki,E.,Kumakura,H.and Matano,S.: "Kinesiological characteristics of vertical climbing in Ateles geoffroyi and Macaca fuscata." Folia Primatol.61(in press). (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1993 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Kumakura,H.,Inokuchi,S.and Matano,S.: "Functional morphology of the epaxial muscles of chimpanzee." Proceedings of 14th IPS Congress.(in press). (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1993 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] K.Fujino: "Fiber architecture of the deltoid muscles in the Japanese macaque, with special refereance to the relationship with that of the pectoral muscles." Anthropol.Sci.102, suppl.97-114 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1993 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] S.Hayama, K.Chatani, and M.Nakatsukasa: "Digitigrade hand and terrestrial adaptation in the Japanese Monkey." Anthropol.Sci.102, suppl.115-125 (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1993 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] : S.Hayama: "Pathological and comparative studies on the african great apes in Congo." AFURICA KENKYUU. 45 (in press). (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1993 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] E.Hirasaki, H.Kumakura and S.Matano: "Kinesiological characteristics of vertical climbing in Ateles geoffroyi and Macaca fuscata." Folia Primatol.61 (in press). (1994)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1993 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Fujino,K.: "Fibre architecture of the deltoid muscles in the Japanese macaque,with special reference to the relationship with that of the pectoral muscles." Anthropol.Sci.102,suppl.97-114 (1994)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Hayama,S.,Chatani,K.and Nakatsukasa,M.: "Digitigrade hand and terrestrial adaptation in the Japanese Monkey." Anthropol.Sci.102,suppl.115-125 (1994)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 葉山杉夫: "コンゴにおけるアフリカ大型類人猿に関する病理解剖学的ならびに比較解剖学的研究" アフリカ研究. 45(印刷中). (1994)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Hirasaki,E.,Kumakura,H.and Matano,S.: "Kinesiological characteristics of vertical climbing in Ateles geoffroyi and Macaca fuscata." Folia Primatol.61(in press). (1994)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Kumakura,H.Inokuchi,S.and Matano,S.: "Functional morphology of the epaxial muscles of chimpanzee." Proceedings of 14th lPS Congress.(in press). (1994)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] Suzuki,A.and Hayama,S.: "Individual variation in myofiber type composition in the Triceps surae and Flexor digitorum superficialis muscles Japanese macaoues." Anthropol.Sci.102,suppl.127-138 (1994)

    • Related Report
      1993 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 香原 志勢: "森林と都市に共通点はあるか-「サル類と人類の橲見・民信地」考綾部恒雄・青柳まちこ編「民族学コラージュ」所載" リブロポート, 281 (1992)

    • Related Report
      1992 Annual Research Report

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Published: 1992-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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