Comparative analysis of informational processing in turtles.
Project/Area Number |
04610058
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Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (C)
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Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
Research Field |
Psychology
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Research Institution | Osaka Kyoiku University (Osaka University of Education) |
Principal Investigator |
ISHIDA Masato Osaka University of Education, Department to Psychology, Professor, 教育学部, 教授 (10101263)
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Project Period (FY) |
1992 – 1993
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Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 1993)
|
Budget Amount *help |
¥1,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000)
Fiscal Year 1993: ¥300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥300,000)
Fiscal Year 1992: ¥800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000)
|
Keywords | turtles / partial reinforsement / discrimination learning / overtraining reversal / negative contrast / frustration effect / phylogeny / attentional theory / 負の対比効果 / 視覚課題 / 報酬量 / 直線走路 / T型弁別箱 |
Research Abstract |
The subjects chosen here are of considerable lmportance for comparative analysis because turties are of the best extant representative of the anclent reptiles that evoived to mammals. The common ancestors of present-dny reptles, birds, and mammals are the cotylosaurs, or stem reptiles, which have survived from the Triassic perlod (225-200 millions years ago) to the present virtually unchanged. Therefore, turties are the living order most closely related to that group. In this study, the occurrence of paradoxical phomomenn or learning was investigated in relation to the comparative analysis of informational processing in the turtle (Geoelemys recvesil). During two-year funded term, we assessed (1) the paradoxical reword effects and (2) the paradoxical effect on discrimination learning, overtraining reversal effect (ORE), with a series of experiments. (1) Although typical paradoxieal effects of reword are observed have been found only in mammals and birds under widely spaced-trials traini
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ng such as one trial a day. And so far very few studies have been done with reptiles especlally under the latter training condition. On the basis of an exploratory study conducted in the first year, partial reinforcement extinction efffect (PREE), magnitude of effect (SNCE) were investigated in a runway situation. The results were ; I large magnitude of reword led to higher acquisition asymptote, 2 Neither PREE nor SNCE was obtained, but 3 the reversed MREE was round. These suggest that 4 the adjustment of turties to transitions in reward magnitude may be different from that observed in mammals and 5 unlike mammaols, frustration reactions due to nonreward may not be after the reward shift. (2) Occurrence of the ORE was assessed using a T-mazc apparatus respectively. the results were : 1 overtraining (OT) had no effect on reversal learning (no ORE) in spatial problem, 2 the OT significently retarded reversal in the visual task (reversed ORE). 3 These results are different from those observed in rats under which are assumed to have a dominant vlsual analyzer in the attentional theory of learning. Less
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Report
(3 results)
Research Products
(12 results)