極超新星とガンマ線バーストの爆発機構及び高赤方偏移における天体形成・進化の研究

• Project/Area Number: 04J10033
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Section: 国内
• Research Field: Astronomy
• Research Institution: The University of Tokyo
• Principal Investigator: 前田 啓一 東京大学, 大学院総合文化研究科, 特別研究員(PD)
• Project Period (FY): 2004 – 2006
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2006)
• Budget Amount: ¥3,400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,400,000); Fiscal Year 2006: ¥1,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000); Fiscal Year 2005: ¥1,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000); Fiscal Year 2004: ¥1,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000)
• Keywords: 超新星爆発 / 極超新星爆発 / ガンマ線バースト / ブラックホール / 銀河化学進化 / 元素合成(核反応) / 輻射輸送 / 流体力学

Research Abstract

1.超新星/極超新星からの放射の観測と3次元計算による解析:
(1)超新星からの3次元輻射計算コンピュータプログラムの基本部分の開発を終了。非球対称極超新星モデルに適用し、ガンマ線バーストを伴った超新星SN1998bwのすべての可視光観測を再現することに成功。
(2)計算プログラムの拡張を行った。それまで計算できなかった爆発後数週間目におけるスペクトル計算に成功。
(3)すばる望遠鏡による超新星観測を推進(2007年前期、筆頭研究者として観測提案採択)。Ia型超新星(白色矮星の核暴走爆発)にも大きな非対称性があることを発見した。
2.超新星元素合成と銀河の化学進化:
(1)銀河初期に生まれた金属含有量の少ない大質量星を親星とする、多次元流体力学・核反応計算を行った。この結果を、金属含有量の少ない星の元素組成と比較することで、銀河初期に形成された星の正体に制限を与えた。太陽質量の20倍-40倍程度の星が銀河初期に多く爆発したモデルで、観測がよく再現できる。
(2)極超新星とガンマ線バーストの爆発機構について。ブラックホール形成モデルから予想される元素組成と超新星の特徴を議論し、観測されているガンマ線バースト・超新星の性質(明るさ等)から爆発機構に制限を与えられることを見出した。
3.X線フラッシュと超新星(XRF 060218/SN 2006aj):
(1)低エネルギーのガンマ線バーストであるX線フラッシュXRF060218に付随した超新星SN2006ajの観測と解析。この超新星は、今までガンマ線バーストに付随して発見された極超新星とは異なり、比較的エネルギーの小さい超新星であると結論づけた。また、すばる望遠鏡により爆発後約1年後に観測を行い、中性子星形成の証拠となる58Niからの輝線を検出した。これらの結果から、x線フラッシュはガンマ線バーストとは爆発機構が異なることを明らかにした。

Research Products

• [Journal Article] SN 2006aj associated with XRF 060218 at late phases : Nucleosynthesis-signature of a neutron star-driven explosion (2007)
  • Author(s): Maeda, K., et al.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal (Letters) 659
• [Journal Article] Probing the explosion mechanism of supernovae by radioactive decay gamma- and x-rays (2007)
  • Author(s): Maeda, K.
  • Journal Title: The Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era (印刷中)
• [Journal Article] Keck and ESO-VLT view on the symmetry of the ejecta of the XRF/SN 2006aj (2007)
  • Author(s): Mazzali, et al.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal (印刷中)
• [Journal Article] Gamma-ray bursts and metal-poor stars connection : black-hole forming faint supernovae with relativistic jets (2007)
  • Author(s): Tominaga, N., Maeda, K., et al.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal (Letters) 657
• [Journal Article] Optical emission from aspherical supernovae and the hypernova SN 1998bw (2006)
  • Author(s): Maeda, K., et al.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal 645 Pages: 1331-1344
• [Journal Article] Three dimensional simulation of gamma ray emission from asymmetric supernovae and hypernovae (2006)
  • Author(s): Maeda, K.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal 644 Pages: 385-399
• [Journal Article] A neutron star-driven XRF associated with supernova SN 2006aj (2006)
  • Author(s): Mazzali, P.A., et al.
  • Journal Title: Nature 442 Pages: 1018-1020
• [Journal Article] An optical supernova associated with the X-ray flash XRF 060218 (2006)
  • Author(s): Pian, E., et al.
  • Journal Title: Nature 442 Pages: 1011-1013
• [Journal Article] Asymmetric explosion of type Ia supernovae as seen from near infrated observations (2006)
  • Author(s): Motohara, K., Maeda, K., et al.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal (Letters) 652
• [Journal Article] The optical/near-infrared light curves of SN 2002ap for the first 1.5 years after discovery (2006)
  • Author(s): Tomita, H., Deng, J., Maeda, K., et al.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal 644 Pages: 400-408
• [Journal Article] Core-collapse very massive stars : evolution, explosion, and nucleosynthesis of population III 500 - 1000Msun stars (2006)
  • Author(s): Ohkubo T., Umeda, H., Maeda, K., et al.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal 645 Pages: 1352-1372
• [Journal Article] 3D models for high velocity features in type Ia supernovae (2006)
  • Author(s): Tanaka, M., Mazzali, P.A., Maeda, K., et al.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal 645 Pages: 470-479
• [Journal Article] Nebular Spectra of SN 1998bw Revisited : Detailed Study By One and Two Dimensional Models (2006)
  • Author(s): Maeda, K., et al.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal 640(印刷中)
• [Journal Article] Three Dimensional Simulation of Gamma Ray Emission From Asymmetric Supernovae and Hypernovae (2006)
  • Author(s): Maeda, K.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal 644(印刷中)
• [Journal Article] Optical Emission from Aspherical Supernovae and The Hypernova SN 1998bw (2006)
  • Author(s): Maeda, K., Mazzali, P.A., Nomoto, K.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal 未定(掲載決定)(印刷中)
• [Journal Article] Hypernovae 1998bw and 2003jd : A Link to Gamma Ray Bursts (2006)
  • Author(s): Maeda, K., et al.
  • Journal Title: Inflating Horizon of Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology (印刷中)
• [Journal Article] Nucleosynthesis and Emission Processes in Aspherical Supernovae (2006)
  • Author(s): Maeda, K.
  • Journal Title: Origin of Matter and Evolution of Galaxies 2005 (印刷中)
• [Journal Article] An Asymmetric Energetic Type Ic Supernova Viewed Off-Axis, and A Link to Gamma Ray Bursts (2005)
  • Author(s): Mazzali, P.A., Kawabata, K.S., Maeda, K., et al.
  • Journal Title: Science 308 Pages: 1284-1287
• [Journal Article] The First Chemical Enrichment in the Unicerse and the Formation of Hyper Metal-Poor Stars (2005)
  • Author(s): Iwamoto, N., Umeda, H., Tominaga, N., Nomoto, K., Maeda, K.
  • Journal Title: Science 309 Pages: 451-453
• [Journal Article] On the Light Curve and Spectrum of SN 2003dh Separated from the Optical Afterglow of GRB030329 (2005)
  • Author(s): Deng, J., Tominaga, N., Mazzali, P.A., Maeda, K., Nomoto, K.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal 624 Pages: 898-905
• [Journal Article] Chemical Abundances in the Secondary Star of the Neutron Star Binary Centaurus X-4 (2005)
  • Author(s): Gonzalez Hernandez, J.I., et al.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal 630 Pages: 495-505
• [Journal Article] Precursors and Main Bursts of Gamma-Ray Bursts in a Hypernova Scenario (2005)
  • Author(s): Umeda, H., Tominaga, N., Maeda, K., Nomoto, K.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal (Letters) 633 Pages: 17-20
• [Journal Article] The Unique Type Ib Supernova 2005bf : A WN Star Explsion Model for Peculiar Light Curves and Spectra (2005)
  • Author(s): Tominaga, N., et al.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal (Letters) 633 Pages: 97-100
• [Journal Article] Two Dimensional Models of the Light Curve and Nebular Spectra of SN 1998bw (2005)
  • Author(s): Maeda, K., Nomoto, K., Mazzali, P.A.
  • Journal Title: ASP (the Astronomical Society of the Pacific) Conference Series (印刷中)
• [Journal Article] Spectroscopic Signatures of a Supernova in Gamma-Ray Bursts (2005)
  • Author(s): Maeda, K.
  • Journal Title: 第17回理論天文学懇談会シンポジウム集録 (印刷中)
• [Journal Article] High-Velocity Features in the Spectra of the Type Ia Supernova SN 1999ee (2005)
  • Author(s): Mazzali, P.A. et al.
  • Journal Title: Monthly Notice of the Royal Astronomical Society 357 Pages: 200-206
• [Journal Article] Asymmetry Effects in Hypernovae (2004)
  • Author(s): Maeda, K. et al.
  • Journal Title: Cosmic Explosion in Three Dimension (Cambridge University Press ; Cambridge) Pages: 244-254
• [Journal Article] Nucleosynthesis in Aspherical Supernovae and Implications for the Early Galactic Chemical Evolution (2004)
  • Author(s): Maeda, K., Nomoto, K.
  • Journal Title: Frontier in Astroparticle Physics and Cosmology (University Academy Press ; Tokyo) Pages: 435-436
• [Journal Article] Supernova Light Curve Models for the Bump in the Optical Counterpart of X-Ray Flash 030723 (2004)
  • Author(s): Tominaga, N., Deng, J., Mazzali, P.A., Maeda, K.et al.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal (Letters) 612 Pages: 105-108
• [Journal Article] Properties of Two Hypernovae Entering the Nebular Phase : SN 1997ef and SN 1997dq (2004)
  • Author(s): Mazzali, P.A., Deng, J., Maeda, K.et al.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical Journal 614 Pages: 858-863
• [Journal Article] Hypernovae : Their Properties and Gamma-Ray Burst Connection (2004)
  • Author(s): Nomoto, K., Maeda, K.et al.
  • Journal Title: Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement 155 Pages: 299-302
• [Journal Article] Properties of SN 2003dh Associated with GRB030329 (2004)
  • Author(s): Tominaga, N., Deng, J., Maeda, K.et al.
  • Journal Title: Progress of Theoretical Physics Supplement 155 Pages: 433-434
• [Journal Article] Signatures of Electron Capture in Iron-rich Ejecta of SN 2003du (2004)
  • Author(s): Hoflich, P. et al.
  • Journal Title: The Astrophysical journal 617 Pages: 1258-1266
• [Journal Article] Evidence for Asymmetry in Hypernova Explosions (2004)
  • Author(s): Mazzali, P.A., Nomoto, K., Deng, J., Maeda, K., Tominaga, N.
  • Journal Title: Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana Supplement 5 Pages: 172-177
• [Journal Article] Population III Supernovae and their Nucleosynthesis (2004)
  • Author(s): Nomoto, K., Maeda, K.et al.
  • Journal Title: Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana Supplement 75 Pages: 312-321