Primary Study on the Real-Scale Cloud Experiments in a Long Vertical Shaft
| Project/Area Number |
05453197
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for General Scientific Research (B)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Research Field |
Environmental dynamic analysis
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| Research Institution | The National Institute for Environmental Studies |
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Principal Investigator |
FUKUYAMA Tsutomu Nat'l Inst.for Environ.Studies, Atmos.Environ.Div., Section Chief, 大気圏環境部, 室長 (90011642)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
OHTA Sachio Hokkaido University, Faculty of Engineering, Professor, 工学部, 教授 (00100058)
MURANO Kentaro Nat'l Inst.for Environ.Studies, Atmos.Environ.Div., Independednt Senior Research, 地球環境研究グループ, 主任研究官 (40109905)
UTIYAMA Masahiro Nat'l Inst.for Environ.Studies, Global Environ.Div., Senior Researcher, 大気圏環境部, 主任研究員 (20160294)
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| Project Period (FY) |
1993 – 1994
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 1994)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥7,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,900,000)
Fiscal Year 1994: ¥4,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,900,000)
Fiscal Year 1993: ¥3,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,000,000)
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| Keywords | Cloud Chemistry / Vertical Shaft / Artificial Cloud Experiment / Cloud Droplet Size / Hot-film Droplet Sizing Device / Chemical Reactions in Cloud Droplets / Formation of Acid Rain |
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| Research Abstract |
This project was originally scheduled for the period from 1993 to 1994 fiscal years to be carried out in the Nambu Shaft of Mitsui Coal Mining Co.in Kamisunagawa, Hokkaido. However the sudden closure of the shaft in September, 1993, forced us to search for another one suitable for the experiment. After several inquiries and negotiations, an agreement was reached in November, 1994, with Kamaishi Mining Co.in Iwate Prefecture on the use of one of their shafts, but it did not become usable until March, 1995, because of the repairment of facilities and the preliminary observation of enrivonmental conditions. After all these efforts, the first cloud experiment was done in April, 1995, and the second in October, and several results were obtained which fulfillled some of the original purposes of this project.
In both of the experiments, it was observed that cloud was formed at altitudes of about ten to several tens of meters. Sulfur dioxide (SO_2) was emitted at the base of the shaft with a fl
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ow rate of about 1l/min, and its concentration was measured below and in the cloud together with the sulfate aerosol concentration. The sulfur content in the cloud water was also measured. As a result, it was found that the total amount of sulfur was conserved at least immediately below and above the cloud bottom, and also that almost all SO_2 was absorbed into the cloud water as it flowed in an updraft. In the second experiment, the vertical distribution of SO_2 concentration was obtained by an SO_2 meter loaded on the elevator. The concentation distribution was expressed by a double exponential funciton with two different decay constants for the altitudes below and above the cloud bottm. The half-life for the in-cloud decay was 80 s showing the rapidity of the rainout process. Cloud droplets size distribution was also observed at the top of the shaft. The size distribution was mostly monomodal with a peak around 9 mum, but a second peak appeared intermittently around 30 mum. Those large droplets were detected by the Water Blue Film method as well. The number concentration of those droplets was not high, but they were found to have significant contribution to the cloud water content. Less
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Research Products
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