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断層帯の浸透率・弾性波速度構造とその地下深部流体挙動解析における重要性

Research Project

Project/Area Number 07F07042
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section外国
Research Field Geology
Research InstitutionHiroshima University

Principal Investigator

嶋本 利彦  Hiroshima University, 大学院・理学研究科, 教授

Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) MITCHELL Thomas Matthew  広島大学, 大学院・理学研究科, 外国人特別研究員
MITCELL Thomas Matthew  広島大学, 大学院・理学研究科, 外国人特別研究員
Project Period (FY) 2007 – 2009
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2009)
Budget Amount *help
¥2,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,300,000)
Fiscal Year 2009: ¥400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥400,000)
Fiscal Year 2008: ¥1,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000)
Fiscal Year 2007: ¥800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000)
Keywords断層の力学 / 弾性波速度 / 浸透率 / 高速摩擦 / 地球内部の流体 / 摩擦構成則 / 有馬-高槻構造線 / サンアンドレアス断層 / 断層帯 / 地震の発生機 / 有馬-高槻構
Research Abstract

本研究の目的は,断層帯の内部構造,力学的性質,浸透率のような水理学的性質に関する構造などを調べて,地震の発生過程および地下深部における流体移動の定量的な解析に必要な断層モデルを提示することである.
南米チリのアタカマ断層では,断層帯の内部構造と断層帯に接する母岩中のダメージ分布をより詳細に解析して論文で報告した(Mitchell & Faulkner,2009)。この研究では,顕微鏡スケールの微小クラックから地質断層に至る5桁におよぶ規模で,ダメージ分布が定量的に解析された.その結果,ダメージの程度を示すクラック密度は断層コアからの距離のべき乗に比例して減少することが明らかになった.断層帯のダメージ分布がこのように詳細に調べられたのは初めてである.今後クラック密度と浸透率,弾性波速度などの関係を決めることによって,断層帯全体の浸透率・速度構造モデルを決める道が開けた.
有馬-高槻構造線と米国カリフォルニアのサンアンドレアス断層では,衝撃粉砕岩の野外調査と変形組織の解析をおこなって,結果を国際会議で報告した(論文は現在執筆中).衝撃粉砕岩(pulverized rock)とは,著しく粉砕しているものの,母岩の組織(花崗岩の等粒状組織など)を残していて,通常の断層のような著しい変形をうけていない岩石のことである.最近命名されて何故そのような岩石が断層沿いに形成されるかが議論されている.本研究では,両断層とも,断層コアの両側で断層帯の幅が著しく違うこと,破砕物の粒径分布で共通性が認められることなどを見いだした.その他,蛇紋岩断層ガウジ',無水石膏とドロマイトからなる断層ガウジの高速摩擦実験を共同でおこない,断層は高速時に大きな強度低下を起こすこと,摩擦熱で層状鉱物からなる断層ガウジは脱水・脱ガス分解をして天然の組織とよく似た剪断組織が形成されることを見いだした(学会で発表).

Report

(3 results)
  • 2009 Annual Research Report
  • 2008 Annual Research Report
  • 2007 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (21 results)

All 2009 2008 2007

All Journal Article (4 results) (of which Peer Reviewed: 3 results) Presentation (17 results)

  • [Journal Article] The nature and origin of off-fault damage surrounding strike-slip fault zones with a wide range of displacements : A field study from the Atacama fault system, northern Chile2009

    • Author(s)
      Mitchell, T.M.
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Structural Geology 31

      Pages: 802-816

    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article]2009

    • Author(s)
      Faulkner, D. R.
    • Journal Title

      Wibberley, C. A. J., Kurz, W., Imber, J., Holdsworth, R. E. & Collettini, C., eds.,“Structure of Fault Zones : Implications for Mechanical and Fluid-Flow Properties", Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 299(On the structure and mechanical pr

      Pages: 139-150

    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Journal Article] Experimental measurements of permeability evolution during triaxial compression of initially intact crystalline rocks and implications for fluid flow in fault zones2008

    • Author(s)
      Mitchell, T. M.
    • Journal Title

      Journal of Geophysical Research 113

    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] On the structure and mechanical properties of large strike-slip faults2008

    • Author(s)
      Faulkner, D. R.
    • Journal Title

      Geological Society of London, Special Publication (in press)

    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Presentation] Pulverized fault rocks along the Arima-Takatsuki Tectonic Line, Japan : fault structure, damage distribution and textural characteristics2009

    • Author(s)
      Mitchell, T.M.
    • Organizer
      Spring Meeting of European Geosciences Union
    • Place of Presentation
      Viena, Austria
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Thermal pressurization induced by coseismic shear heating within thermally unstable rocks2009

    • Author(s)
      De Paola, N.
    • Organizer
      European Geosciences Union, General Assembly
    • Place of Presentation
      Vienna, Austria
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] The frictional properties of phyllosilicates at earthquake slip speeds2009

    • Author(s)
      Faulkner, D.R.
    • Organizer
      European Geosciences Union, General Assembly
    • Place of Presentation
      Vienna, Austria
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Pulverized fault rocks and damage asymmetry along the Arima-Takatsuki Tectonic Line, Japan : fault structure, damage distribution and textural characteristics2009

    • Author(s)
      Mitchell, T.M.
    • Organizer
      American Geophysical Union, Fall Annual Meeting
    • Place of Presentation
      San Francisco, USA
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Stuck in the mud? Earthquake propagation through clay-rich fault zones2009

    • Author(s)
      Faulkner, D.R.
    • Organizer
      American Geophysical Union, Fall Annual Meeting
    • Place of Presentation
      San Francisco, USA
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Fault lubrication and earthquake propagation in thermally unstable rocks2009

    • Author(s)
      De Paola, N.
    • Organizer
      American Geophysical Union, Fall Annual Meeting
    • Place of Presentation
      San Francisco, USA
    • Related Report
      2009 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Seismic velocity and permeability properties of pulverized rocks2008

    • Author(s)
      Mitchell, T.
    • Organizer
      European Geosciences Union, General Assembly
    • Place of Presentation
      Vienna, Austria
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Experimental measurements of permeability evolution during triaxial compression of initially intact crystalline rocks and implications for fluid flow in fault zones2008

    • Author(s)
      Mitchell, T.
    • Organizer
      European Geosciences Union, General Assembly
    • Place of Presentation
      Vienna, Austria
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] On stress rotations in fault damage zones2008

    • Author(s)
      Faulkner, D.
    • Organizer
      European Geosciences Union, General Assembly
    • Place of Presentation
      Vienna, Austria
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] On stress rotations in fault damage zones2008

    • Author(s)
      Faulkner, D. R.
    • Organizer
      AOGS 5^<th> Annual General Meeting
    • Place of Presentation
      Pusan, Korea
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] On the structure and mechanical properties of large strike-slip faults2008

    • Author(s)
      Mitchell, T. M.
    • Organizer
      AOGS 5^<th> Annual General Meeting
    • Place of Presentation
      Pusan, Korea
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Experimental measurements of permeability evolution during triaxial compression of initially intact crystalline rocks and implications for fluid flow in fault zones2008

    • Author(s)
      Mitchell, T. M.
    • Organizer
      AOGS 5^<th> Annual General Meeting
    • Place of Presentation
      Pusan, Korea
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] The frictional properties of sheet silicate minerals at earthquake slip speeds2008

    • Author(s)
      Faulkner, D.
    • Organizer
      American Geophysical Union, Fall Annual Meeting
    • Place of Presentation
      San Francisco, USA
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Thermal pressurization induced by coseismic shear heating within thermally unstable rocks2008

    • Author(s)
      De Paola, N.
    • Organizer
      American Geophysical Union, Fall Annual Meeting
    • Place of Presentation
      San Francisco, USA
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Seismic faulting of dolomite rocks : textures and possible slip weakening mechanisms2008

    • Author(s)
      Togo, T.
    • Organizer
      American Geophysical Union, Fall Annual Meeting
    • Place of Presentation
      San Francisco, USA
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Fault damage zone permeability in crystalline rocks from combined field and laboratory measurements2008

    • Author(s)
      Mitchell, T.
    • Organizer
      American Geophysical Union, Fall Annual Meeting
    • Place of Presentation
      San Francisco, USA
    • Related Report
      2008 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Experimental Measurements of Permeability Evolution During Brittle Deformation of Crystalline Rocks and Implications for Fluid Flow in Fault Zones2007

    • Author(s)
      Mitchell, T. M.
    • Organizer
      American Geophysical Union Annual Meeting
    • Place of Presentation
      San Francisco, USA
    • Related Report
      2007 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2007-04-01   Modified: 2024-03-26  

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