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Comparative Legal Culture Research on the History of Constitutionalism : Sovereignty and Ownership in Russia and the West

Research Project

Project/Area Number 08620015
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Research Field Public law
Research InstitutionShizuoka University

Principal Investigator

OH'E Taiichiro  Shizuoka University, Fac.of Humanities and Social Sciences, Professor, 人文学部, 教授 (00097221)

Project Period (FY) 1996 – 1998
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 1998)
Budget Amount *help
¥1,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,900,000)
Fiscal Year 1998: ¥300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥300,000)
Fiscal Year 1997: ¥700,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000)
Fiscal Year 1996: ¥900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000)
KeywordsLegal Culture / Russia / Socialism / Empire / Reseption of the Foreign Law / Ownership / Constitutionalism / 立憲主義 / 専制 / モンゴールのくびき / ロシア国家学派史学 / ローマ法 / 立憲手記
Research Abstract

The major portion of written law in Imperial Russia was formulated as The Russian Imperial Law. Code (svod)' in the first half of the 19th Century. Although the terminology in the legal codeborrowed largely from French and German law, its conceptual structure was different. This fact is clearly revealed in the pluralistic system of owner ship institutions (in the code the institution of 'state ownership', so to say quasi-public law institution which grew fat later under the socialist system, and the 'private' and many other ownership institutions came to coexist) and the autocratic and unlimited' character of the monarch's authority. The logical structure of this written law is qualitatively different to the peculiarly Western European concept ofownership('la garantie des droits') and political power ('Ia se'paration des pouvoirs'), so ideally and combinably expressed in Article 16 of the French Declaration of Human Rights, to the extent that it does not have the capacity to develop th … More ese concepts (it has the structure of what David terms 'law of administration').
Such development was suppressed by 'the yoke of the Tartars' for two and a half centuries, as were non-Western characteristics conceived externally to Russian law, such as the tradition of Cannon Law in the Latin Church and thelegacy of Southern European classical anti-quity, especially the legacy of Roman law. Socialist law was formulated within the lineage oftraditional Russian low.
The problem is, however, not only that the structure of the legalorder to be found in written law possesses 'administrative' characteristics. The peasants who made up over ninetypercent of the Imperial Russian population, lived under communalcustoms which had a character of compulsory ('leiturgisch' according to M.Weber's terminology) organisation and the selfish ('unlimited') jurisdiction of the local nobility, as demonstrated by the reality of the Peasant Court set up con-currently with the liberation of peasants in 1861. These communal customs are often referred to by Russian academics and Western scholars as 'customary law' or 'popular law', but as shown by a survey into the actual conditions of the work of the Peasant Court, inreality it did not exceed the norms of a non-legaland non-positivetype of situation ethics (in this way it corresponds to **(qing-li), i.e. 'human sense and reason' found in traditional Chinese law). In other words, written law as 'law of administration' and the legal'vacuum' (order outside of the law)found in Imperial type of society coexisted. The socialist system of quasi-public ownership institutions and Communist Party dictatorship (denial of popular sovereignty on the facts), accorded with this traditional structure of Russian social order.
The popular viewpoint held by comparative legal scholars that Sovietlaw and subsequently today's Russian law, falls within the Continental law genealogy, is but one aspect of the state of affairs hinted at in the social order of Russia. Nowaday, we can clearly no longer regard Soviet law characterised as mere 'socialist law' as being a abolition form of capitalist law ('Western modem law). Moreover, viewed from the above angle, the current state of Russian law also suggests the need for a major reconsideration of the extant legal systems theory framework. Less

Report

(4 results)
  • 1998 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report Summary
  • 1997 Annual Research Report
  • 1996 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (25 results)

All Other

All Publications (25 results)

  • [Publications] 大江泰一郎: "ロシアにおける司法改革の課題-裁判所が司法機関になるための条件をめぐって" 第2期エリツィン政権下のロシアの立法動向(外務省欧亜局ロシア課). 1-19 (1998)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 大江泰一郎: "ロシア史における訴訟と社会秩序" 歴史学研究. 717号. 47-58 (1998)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 大江泰一郎: "ポスト社会主義の法理論" 民主化と市場経済化の状況下におけるロシアの立法動向(日本国際問題研究所). 1-21 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 大江泰一郎: "法と秩序の歴史的構造-ロシアと西洋" (静岡大学)法政研究. 3巻3 : 4号. 109-119 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 大江泰一郎: "ロシアの法文化-その歴史的構造" 比較法研究. 60号. 75-86 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 大江泰一郎(共著): "体制転換期ロシアの法改革" 法律文化社, 353ページ (1998)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 大江泰一郎(共著): "憲法の歴史と比較" 日本評論社, 471ページ (1998)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Taiichiro Oh'e: "Rosia ni okeru shiho kaikaku no kadai" Dai 2ki Eltsin seiken ka no Rosia no rippo doko, The Ministry of Foreign Affaires of Japan. 1-19 (1998)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Taiichiro Oh'e: "Rosia si ni okeru sosyo to syakai chitsuzyo" Rekishigaku Kenkyu. 47-58 (1998)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Taiichiro Oh'e: "Posuto syakaisyugi no horiron." Minsyuka to Shizyokeizaika no zyokyoka ni okeru Rosia no rippo doko, the Ministry of Foreign Affaires of Japan. 1-21 (1999)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Taiichiro Oh'e: "Ho to chitsuzyo no rekishi-teki kozo : Rosia to Seiyo" (Shizuoka daigaku) Hosei Kenkyu. Vol.3, No.3-4. 109-119

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Taiichiro Oh'e: "Rosia no ho-bunka" Hikakuho Kekyu. No.60. 75-86

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Taiichiro Oh'e et al.: Taisei-tenkan-ki Rosia no ho-kaikaku. Horitsu-bunka-sya, 353 (1998)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] Taiichiro Oh'e et al.: Kenpo no rekishi to hikaku. Nihon-hyoron-sya, 471 (1998)

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      1998 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Publications] 大江泰一郎: "ロシアにおける司法改革の課題-裁判所が司法機関になるための条件をめぐって" 『第2期エリツィン政権下のロシアの立法動向』(外務省欧亜局ロシア課). 1-19 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 大江泰一郎: "ロシア史における訴訟と社会秩序" 『歴史学研究』. 717号. 47-58 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 大江泰一郎: "ポスト社会主義の法理論" 『民主化と市場経済化の状況下におけるロシアの立法動向』日本国際問題研究所. 1-21 (1999)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 大江泰一郎: "法と秩序の歴史的構造-ロシアと西洋" 『(静岡大学)法政研究』. 3巻3=4号. 109-119 (1999)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 大江泰一郎: "ロシアの法文化-その歴史的構造" 『比較法研究』. 60号. 75-86 (1999)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 大江泰一郎(共著): "『体制転換期ロシアの法改革』" 法律文化社, 353 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 大江泰一郎(共著): "『憲法の歴史と比較』" 日本評論社, 471 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1998 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 杉浦一孝(編): "体制転換期ロシアの法改革" 法律文化社, 345 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1997 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 大江泰一郎ほか: "第2期エリツィン政権下のロシアの立法動向" 外務省欧亜局ロシア課, 124 (1998)

    • Related Report
      1997 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 大江泰一郎: "「旧ソ連邦をめぐる国家継続および承継」" 「旧ソ連・旧ユ-ゴスラビア及び旧チェコスロバキアの各構成国の条約・国家財産・債務及び国籍の承継について」(外務省委託研究報告書). (近刊). (1997)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 大江泰一郎: "「ロシア国内法への国際法の影響」" 「ロシア連邦の立法動向(仮題)」(外務省委託研究報告書). (近刊). (1997)

    • Related Report
      1996 Annual Research Report

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Published: 1996-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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