| Budget Amount *help |
¥3,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,200,000)
Fiscal Year 2000: ¥500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000)
Fiscal Year 1999: ¥500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000)
Fiscal Year 1998: ¥2,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,200,000)
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| Research Abstract |
Mothers often employ teasing games to make their babies laugh in every-day situations. In this project, two questions were studied. First, why those games can evoke laughter from babies successfully? Because they are engaging in meta-communication? Second, is there any term where babies' laughter is suppressed even though mothers' games are effective to evoke them? Then, frequency of babies' laughter reacting to the maternal actions during the later half of the first year was observed by the "video-diary" that mothers video-taped their interactions to the babies at home by themselves. Twenty mother-child dyads participated longitudinally from children's age of month 6 to 12, and 15. From collected videotapes, five-second-time-segments (5sts) including children's laughter or distresses were identified. Then a time-sequence of 4 5sts before and after the base-points were defined as one episode. Results showed a developmental change that frequent laughter at 6 month of age was decreased i
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n the next month, and distress was sharply increased at 8 month, but after 9 month, it was decreased and co-operating reactions were rising. Therefore, this 8-month-distress was interpreted as suggesting that needs of re-coordination of mother-child interaction because of rapid development in children's ability to express willful intentions. As the next stage of data-analysis, mother-child dyads were classified into Coordinated or Uncoordinated Groups by the proportion of children's laughter and distress, and mothers' emotional expressions and pretending. Then, mothers' action patterns antecedent of children's laugh or distress were compared between the groups. Results showed that mothers in CG more often used actions making fluctuation from literal to pretending, or vice versa, than mothers in UG, who rather acted literally in constant. This finding suggests that maternal teasing games can make infants laugh because they are not re-interpreted through "meta" -communication, but because they are consisted of such a fluctuation pattern. Less
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