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地球および地球外天体内部における炭素の挙動に関する研究

Research Project

Project/Area Number 12J06194
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section国内
Research Field Petrology/Mineralogy/Science of ore deposit
Research InstitutionTohoku University

Principal Investigator

高橋 豪  東北大学, 理学研究科, 特別研究員(DC1)

Project Period (FY) 2012-04-01 – 2015-03-31
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2014)
Budget Amount *help
¥2,700,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,700,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000)
Fiscal Year 2013: ¥900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000)
Fiscal Year 2012: ¥900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000)
Keywords地球核 / 炭素 / 鉄炭化物 / 高温高圧実験 / その場X線回折実験 / 非弾性X線散乱
Outline of Annual Research Achievements

地球中心部には主に鉄で構成される液体の外核と固体の内核が存在する。しかし地震波観測により求められた地球核の密度は、実験的に求められた鉄の値に比べて小さいことが報告されている。また地球核中の地震波の伝搬速度(弾性波速度)が鉄よりも遅い値を示すことが、近年の実験報告により明らかになりつつある。このことは地球核には主要構成成分である鉄の他に密度を軽くするような軽元素が含まれていることを意味し、さらに含まれる軽元素は鉄の弾性波速度を遅くする効果を持つことが必要である。軽元素の候補には水素、酸素、炭素、ケイ素、硫黄などが考えられているが、本研究では炭素に注目した。特に鉄炭化物のFe3Cに注目し地球核中での炭素の存在形態の制約をすることを目的に高温高圧実験を行った。実験は兵庫県の放射光実験施設SPring-8で、高温高圧その場X線回折実験による相平衡・融解実験および密度測定、非弾性X線散乱法による弾性波速度測定を行った。試料をダイヤモンドアンビルセルで加圧し、Fiberレーザーで加熱することによって地球内部の高温高圧環境を再現した。
相平衡・融解実験から、Fe3Cは内核の圧力条件まで安定に存在できることを明らかにした。またFe3Cの高温高圧下における圧縮挙動を取得した結果、内核の温度条件を5000 Kと仮定すると、内核はFe3Cの密度で説明できることが明らかになった。しかし弾性波速度測定によるとFe3Cの縦波速度VPは内核のVPに比べ、約12%速いという結果を得た。内核が5000 Kと仮定すると、融点近傍で弾性波速度が急激に減少するPremelting effectや部分融解などを考慮すると内核の密度や弾性波速度をFe3C単相で説明できる可能性がある。

Research Progress Status

26年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

26年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Report

(3 results)
  • 2014 Annual Research Report
  • 2013 Annual Research Report
  • 2012 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (17 results)

All 2014 2013 2012

All Journal Article (3 results) (of which Peer Reviewed: 3 results) Presentation (14 results)

  • [Journal Article] The sound velocity measurements of Fe3S2014

    • Author(s)
      eiji Kamada, Eiji Ohtani, Hiroshi Fukui, Takeshi Sakai, Hidenori Terasaki, Suguru Takahashi, Yuki Shibazaki, Satoshi Tsutsui, Alfred Q. R. Baron, Naohisa Hirao, Yasuo Ohishi
    • Journal Title

      American Mineralogist

      Volume: 99 Issue: 1 Pages: 98-101

    • DOI

      10.2138/am.2014.4463

    • Related Report
      2013 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Equation of state of pure iron and FeO.9NiO.1 alloy up to 3 Mbar2014

    • Author(s)
      Takeshi Sakai, Suguru Takahashi, Naoya Nishitani, Izumi Mashino, Eiji Ohtani, Naohisa Hirao
    • Journal Title

      Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors

      Volume: 228 Pages: 114-126

    • DOI

      10.1016/j.pepi.2013.12.010

    • Related Report
      2013 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Journal Article] Phase relations in the carbon-saturated C-Mg-Fe-Si-O system and C and Si solubility in liquid Fe at high pressure and temperature : implications for planetary interiors2013

    • Author(s)
      Suguru Takahashi, Eiji Ohtani, Hidenori Terasaki, Yoshinori Ito, Yuki Shibazaki, Miho Ishii, Ken-ichi Funakoshi, Yuji Higo
    • Journal Title

      Physics and Chemistry of Minerals

      Volume: 40 Issue: 8 Pages: 647-657

    • DOI

      10.1007/s00269-013-0600-x

    • Related Report
      2013 Annual Research Report
    • Peer Reviewed
  • [Presentation] 高温高圧下における過剰炭素が存在するC-Mg-Fe-Si-O系の相平衡・融解関係:月サイズ天体内部への応用2014

    • Author(s)
      高橋豪, 大谷栄治, 寺崎英紀, 伊藤嘉紀, 柴崎裕樹, 石井美帆, 舟越賢一, 肥後祐司
    • Organizer
      月・火星・水星内部研究会
    • Place of Presentation
      大阪
    • Year and Date
      2014-09-08 – 2014-09-09
    • Related Report
      2014 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Equations of state of iron and FeO.9NiO.1 alloy2014

    • Author(s)
      Takeshi Sakai, Suguru Takahashi, Naoya Nishitani, Izumi Mashino, Eiji Ohtani, Naohisa Hirao
    • Organizer
      Workshop on Elasticity and Iron
    • Place of Presentation
      Takarazuka, Hyogo
    • Year and Date
      2014-02-26
    • Related Report
      2013 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Sound velocity of iron up to 160 Gigapascals and 3000 Kelvin.2014

    • Author(s)
      Tatsuya Sakamaki, Eiji Ohtani, Hiroshi Fukui, Seiji Kamada, Suguru Takahashi, Takanori Sakairi, Akihiro Takahata, Takeshi Sakai, Satoshi Tsutsui, Alfred Q. R. Baron
    • Organizer
      Workshop on Elasticity and Iron
    • Place of Presentation
      Takarazuka, Hyogo
    • Year and Date
      2014-02-26
    • Related Report
      2013 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Sound velocity measurements of iron-light element alloys : A challenge to the core conditions.2014

    • Author(s)
      Eiji Ohtani, Tatsuya Sakamaki, Seiji Kamada, Hiroshi Fukui, Yuki Shibazaki, Suguru Takahashi, Takeshi Sakai, Satoshi Tsutsui, Alfred Q. R. Baron
    • Organizer
      Workshop on Elasticity and Iron
    • Place of Presentation
      Takarazuka, Hyogo
    • Year and Date
      2014-02-25
    • Related Report
      2013 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Stability and melting relations of Fe3C up to 3 Mbar : Implication for the carbon in the Earth' s inner core.2013

    • Author(s)
      Suguru Takahashi, Eiji Ohtani, Takeshi Sakai, Izumi Mashino, Seiji Kamada, Masaaki Miyahara, Tatsuya Sakamaki, Naohisa Hirao, Yasuo Ohishi
    • Organizer
      AGU Fall meeting 2013
    • Place of Presentation
      San Francisco, USA
    • Year and Date
      2013-12-09
    • Related Report
      2013 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] レーザー加熱による高温高圧X線非弾性散乱によるhcp-Feの縦波速度測定2013

    • Author(s)
      大谷栄治、坂巻竜也、福井宏之、鎌田誠司、高橋豪、坂入崇紀、高畑明拓、境毅、筒井聡、Baron Alfred
    • Organizer
      日本鉱物科学会2013年年会・総会
    • Place of Presentation
      つくば
    • Year and Date
      2013-09-11
    • Related Report
      2013 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Amount of sulfur in the inner core based on sound velocities and EOS of Fe3S at high pressure.2013

    • Author(s)
      Seiji Kamada, Eiji Ohtani, Hidenori Terasaki, Takeshi Sakai, Hiroshi Fukui, Suguru Takahashi, Alfred Q. R. Baron, Naohisa Hirao, Yasuo Ohishi
    • Organizer
      Japan Geoscience Union Meeting
    • Place of Presentation
      Makuhari, Chiba
    • Year and Date
      2013-05-21
    • Related Report
      2013 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Melting relations and stability of Fe3C up to 230 GPa : Implication for the carbon in the Earth's inner core.2013

    • Author(s)
      Suguru Takahashi, Eiji Ohtani, Takeshi Sakai, Masaaki Miyahara, Seiji Kamada, Izumi Mashino, Naohisa Hirao, Yasuo Ohishi
    • Organizer
      Japan Geoscience Union Meeting
    • Place of Presentation
      Makuhari, Chiba
    • Year and Date
      2013-05-20
    • Related Report
      2013 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Stability and melting relations of Fe_3C: Implication for the carbon in the Earth' s core2013

    • Author(s)
      Suguru Takahashi
    • Organizer
      Approach to the centre of the Earth
    • Place of Presentation
      Sendai, Miyagi
    • Year and Date
      2013-02-21
    • Related Report
      2012 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Stability and melting of Fe_3C at high pressure and temperature: Implication for the carbon in the Eartha' s core2012

    • Author(s)
      Suguru Takahashi
    • Organizer
      AGU Fall meeting 2012
    • Place of Presentation
      San Francisco, USA
    • Year and Date
      2012-12-03
    • Related Report
      2012 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] 高温高圧その場X線回折実験によるFe_3Cの安定性と溶解関係2012

    • Author(s)
      高橋 豪
    • Organizer
      第53回高圧討論会
    • Place of Presentation
      大阪
    • Year and Date
      2012-11-08
    • Related Report
      2012 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Determination of stability and melting relations of Fe_3C by in-situ X-ray diffraction experiments: Implication for the carbon in the Earth' score2012

    • Author(s)
      Suguru Takahashi
    • Organizer
      G-COE International Symposium ″Achievements of GCOE Program for Earth and Planetary Dynamics and the Future Perspective
    • Place of Presentation
      Sendai, Miyagi
    • Year and Date
      2012-09-26
    • Related Report
      2012 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Stability and melting of Fe_3C at high pressure and temperature by in situ X-ray diffraction2012

    • Author(s)
      Suguru Takahashi
    • Organizer
      Joint 2012 COMPRES Annual Meeting and High-Pressure Mineral Physics Seminar-8
    • Place of Presentation
      Lake Tahoe, USA
    • Year and Date
      2012-07-10
    • Related Report
      2012 Annual Research Report
  • [Presentation] Determination of melting relation of Fe_3C by in-situ X-ray diffraction experiments2012

    • Author(s)
      Suguru Takahashi
    • Organizer
      Japan Geoscience Union Meeting
    • Place of Presentation
      Makuhari, Chiba
    • Year and Date
      2012-05-20
    • Related Report
      2012 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2013-04-25   Modified: 2024-03-26  

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