| Budget Amount *help |
¥44,070,000 (Direct Cost: ¥33,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥10,170,000)
Fiscal Year 2004: ¥2,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥600,000)
Fiscal Year 2003: ¥5,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,200,000)
Fiscal Year 2002: ¥8,710,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,010,000)
Fiscal Year 2001: ¥27,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥21,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥6,360,000)
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| Research Abstract |
DNAs contained in ancient biological materials are relatively preserved for a long time. This means ancient DNA could be advantageous to direct analysis of the past. Recent advances in biotechnology, especially techniques of DNA amplification by Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR) and nucleotide sequence determination using fluorescent dideoxynucleotides, enable us to obtain DNA information from ancient remains easier. In this research project, I investigated ancient human DNAs from Teotihuacan site, Mexico. I first compared the mitochondrial DNA sequences of the Teotihuacan people with those of 402 contemporary Native Americans : 3 populations of the northern Native Americans (Haida, Bella Coola, and Nuu Chah Nulth), 3 populations of the central Native Americans (Huetar, Kuna, and Ngobe), and 4 populations of the southern Native Americans (Yanomami, Zoro, Gaviao, and Xavante). After combining identical sequences from data, distinct 51 types of mitochondrial DNA were obtained. Then, we cons
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tructed a network of these mitochondrial DNA types. In order to investigate genetic diversity among the contemporary central Native American populations, we constructed a phylogenetic tree of their mitochondrial DNA sequences using the neighbor-joining method. There was a major mitochondrial DNA sequence common to the central Native American populations. However, there were a relatively small number of mitochondrial DNA types in each population, most of which were, moreover, unique to each Native American population : extremely uneven distribution of the mitochondrial DNA types. Next we compared the mitochondrial DNA sequences of the Teotihuacan people with those of the ancient Maya people form the classic Copan site. There were observed many mitochondrial DNA types for both the Teotihuacan and the Maya people. These show genetic diversity in the ancient Native Americans was not as low as that in the contemporary Native Americans, suggesting the lower genetic heterogeneity within population of the contemporary Native Americans results from heavy bottleneck effect. Less
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