A Study of Gender in falsetto Voce

Research Project

Project/Area Number	13837010
Research Category	Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
Allocation Type	Single-year Grants
Section	一般
Research Institution	Aichi University of Education
Principal Investigator	MURAO Tadahiro Aichi University of Education, Music Education, Professor, 教育学部, 教授 (40024046)
Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha)	NIIMI Seiji International University of Health and Welfare, School of Health Science, Professor, 保健学部, 教授 (00010273) SHINZANOH Masakazu Aichi University of Education, Music Education, Associate Professor, 教育学部, 助教授 (10242893) MINAMI Yoko Kinjou Gakuin University, Human Science, Professor, 人間科学部, 教授 (10135395)
Project Period (FY)	2001 – 2002
Project Status	Completed (Fiscal Year 2002)
Budget Amount *help	¥3,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,600,000) Fiscal Year 2002: ¥1,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,500,000) Fiscal Year 2001: ¥2,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,100,000)
Keywords	falsetto / gender / vocal range / counter tenor / modal voice / 歌唱教材 / J-POPS / ユニセックス / 地声
Research Abstract	Based on our study, we concludes following results : 1) W analyzed the vocal range of Japanese pop songs 1945-2001 by "Melody Analysis" which was developed for the purpose of this study. Results show that Men's key in recent pop songs is so high that the difference of singing range between mend and women is getting closer. 2) The tendency of men's high tone corresponds with the "Unisex Society". 3) The tendency of men's high tone is closely related to using falsetto voice or "Uragoe" which has never used in 1940's -60's. 4) We made clear definitions of such ambiguous term as "falsetto vs.modal voice", "head vs.chest voice", uragoe vs.jigoe" in terms of both biological and historical point of view. 5) Falsetto voice by "Countertenor" is analyzed in terms of social structure and biological study. 6) Compared to American Women, Japanese women have a tendency of speaking with high tone in formal situation and low tone in informal situation. 7) Analyzing the school singing materials, we found that pop songs are arranged for mixed chorus. Singing mixed chorus, boys cannot have a chance to use falsetto voice at school. 8) We hold the International Symposium on "Falsetto and gender" in 2002. 9) Holding the International Symposium, we found that the current Japanese tendency of high tone favoritism is the common tendency of the world.