| Budget Amount *help |
¥1,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,900,000)
Fiscal Year 2015: ¥900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000)
Fiscal Year 2014: ¥1,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,000,000)
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| Outline of Annual Research Achievements |
In this year, the three-dimensional glenohumeral joint motions in 4 styles of swimming strokes were measured. The excessive glenohumeral joint motion which may develop the impingement (the mechanical stress) on shoulder was observed for various stroke phases with the incidence of 8.6± 7.3%, 7.9±10.3%, 11.1±7.8% and 3.8±4.9% in the front crawl stroke, butterfly stroke, breast stroke and back stroke, respectively. These excessive glenohumeral joint configurations were observed frequently around the instant at which the arm attained to the peak elevation angle during swimming. the glenohumeral joint motion during normal front crawl swimming and resisted-swimming were compared with the methodology developed in last year. The result showed that time-series data of glenohumeral motion was in similar patterns between the two conditions, although the peak values of the joints motions were somewhat different between the two conditions. The RMSE were 11 degree; in glenohumeral elevation, 16 degree; in horizontal abduction and 11 degree; in internal rotation. However, these movement error did not generate difference between the two conditions for the stroke phases of which the excessive glenohumeral joint occurred. A research paper on the glenohumeral joint motion and shoulder impingement during swimming has currently been prepared and will be submitted to an International journal. A proceeding on the kinematics of shoulder complex during front crawl swimming has been accepted for presenting at an upcoming international conference.
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