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Research on the Official System of Qing Dynasty

Research Project

Project/Area Number 15520423
Research Category

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)

Allocation TypeSingle-year Grants
Section一般
Research Field Asian history
Research InstitutionUniversity of Tsukuba

Principal Investigator

KATAOKA Kazutada  Guraduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Professor, 大学院人文社会科学研究科, 教授 (50092515)

Project Period (FY) 2003 – 2004
Project Status Completed (Fiscal Year 2004)
Budget Amount *help
¥3,400,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,400,000)
Fiscal Year 2004: ¥1,300,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,300,000)
Fiscal Year 2003: ¥2,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,100,000)
Keywordsofficial seal / despotism / bureaucracy / document administration / Chinese world order / word letter of races / Imperial seal / script with curved lines / 朱印 / 紫印 / 藍印 / 皇帝支配 / 文書行政システム / 満漢合壁 / 八旗 / 税関
Research Abstract

The official seal is the sign of Imperial authority. The official seal system was established by the First Emperor of Qin dynasty. The official seals was used as an important tool in the document administration by the bureaucrates, and functioned as a part of imperial policy or dispotism. The seal was made with negative (陰刻) Its scale was 2. 3〜3. 0cm. In the period of Sui-Tang dynasties, the seal was made with positive (陽刻) and grew big. Now, the negative is called a white pattern, and the positive, a red pattern.
The official seal system of Qing dynasty accumulated the conventional characteristics of the successive dynasties. In every seal of Qing dynasty there were the word letters of races together with Manchurian. They were Chinese, Tibetan, Mongolian, and Turkish. Qing dynasty conferred the seal on the tributary countries. It may be said that the seal is one of symbols of Chinese world order. The seal system reflected the rule idea of Qing dynasty well. In the early 20 century, instead of word letters of races, only the seals of Chinese letter were made and used. Finally the main word letter of Imperial seal replaced Manchurian with Chinese. The collapse of the seal system means the end of Qing dynasty.
Modern Japan introduced the seal system. We understand the characteristics of Japanese seal and Qing-Chinese seal by comparing the seals stamped on the treaty documents which were tied up between Japan and Qing-China.

Report

(3 results)
  • 2004 Annual Research Report   Final Research Report Summary
  • 2003 Annual Research Report
  • Research Products

    (4 results)

All 2005 Other

All Journal Article (3 results) Publications (1 results)

  • [Journal Article] 日清間の条約文書にみえる日清両国の官印-清朝の官印制度の変化の一齣-2005

    • Author(s)
      片岡 一忠
    • Journal Title

      駒沢史学 64号

      Pages: 48-63

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(和文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] The Official Seals of Qing dynasty and Japan in the Treaties concluded between Qing and Japan2005

    • Author(s)
      KATAOKA, Kazutada
    • Journal Title

      KOMAZAWA SHIGAKU No. 64

      Pages: 48-63

    • Description
      「研究成果報告書概要(欧文)」より
    • Related Report
      2004 Final Research Report Summary
  • [Journal Article] 日清間の条約文書にみえる日清両国の官印-清朝官印制度の変化の一齣-2005

    • Author(s)
      片岡一忠
    • Journal Title

      駒沢史学 64号

      Pages: 48-63

    • NAID

      120006610708

    • Related Report
      2004 Annual Research Report
  • [Publications] 片岡一忠: "近世王朝史"浜下武志, 平〓隆郎篇『中国の歴史』(有斐閣). (近刊). (2004)

    • Related Report
      2003 Annual Research Report

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Published: 2003-04-01   Modified: 2016-04-21  

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