| Project/Area Number |
16108004
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Research Field |
Applied molecular and cellular biology
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| Research Institution | The University of Tokyo |
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Principal Investigator |
ABE Keiko The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Professor (10151094)
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
NAKAGAWA Keiichi The University of Tokyo, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Associate professor (80188896)
MATSUMOTO Ichiro The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Associate professor (00291328)
YOSHIHIRO Yoshihiko RIKEN, Japan, Laboratory for Neurobiology of Synapse, Laboratory Head (20220717)
MISAKA Takumi The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Associate professor (40373196)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2004 – 2007
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 2007)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥101,530,000 (Direct Cost: ¥78,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥23,430,000)
Fiscal Year 2007: ¥15,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥12,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,600,000)
Fiscal Year 2006: ¥20,800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥16,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,800,000)
Fiscal Year 2005: ¥20,800,000 (Direct Cost: ¥16,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,800,000)
Fiscal Year 2004: ¥44,330,000 (Direct Cost: ¥34,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥10,230,000)
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| Keywords | Taste system / Transgenic animals / DNA microarray / Taste signal transmission / Feeding behavior / トランスジェニックメダカ / 魚T1Rs / 魚T2R / 味覚受容体 / アミノ酸 / 魚T2Rs / 味覚 / 食品 / ゲノム / シグナル伝達 / 脳・神経 / ホスホリパーゼCβ2 / 味覚行動 / モデル魚 |
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| Research Abstract |
Taste is an essential sensation for any animal to keep its appropriate feeding behavior. It has also had an indispensable motivation for us to construct our traditional food cultures and develop sophisticated food industries. To have clear insights into the molecular basis of this important sensation, we have conducted the studies using genomics on taste reception and signaling. In detail, the studies are comprised of 1) analysis of taste signal transmission pathways in model fish and 2) analysis of taste signal transduction pathways in mice, with the following results. (1) We investigates the GPCR→G-protein→PLCbeta2→TRPM5 pathway and found that the taste signal effector, PLCbeta2, was expressed in medaka and zebrafish as well as in mammals. We then revealed that the taste receptors, T1RGPCRs and T2R GPCRs, and TROM5 existed in these fish as well as in humans and other vertebrates. Interestingly enough, the fish received amino acid by T1R2/3 as well as by T1R1/3 and bitter tastants by T2Rs We also tried to ligate the dominant-negative G-protein to the PLC promoter and succeeded to construct a transgenic, taste-blind medaka mutant. (2) For taste transmission studies, we constructed transgenic mice by ligation of the lectin, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) to the T1R3 promoter, and observed the WGA signaling events in the taste bud, primary neurons, GG, NPG and TG, as well as those in NST. The observation revealed that both the WGA mRNA and the protein were expressed just in the T1R3-positive cells, with no expression in other taste cells responding to bitterness and sourness. The WGA signal was also observed in parts of neurocytes with GG, NPG and even NST, and we thus succeeded to differentially identify the taste cell→taste neuron→NST neuron pathway for sweet and umami-taste transmission.
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