| Budget Amount *help |
¥1,100,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000)
Fiscal Year 2005: ¥500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000)
Fiscal Year 2004: ¥600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000)
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| Research Abstract |
This research is concerned with James Joyce's Ulysses and tries to consider its connection with what is called, "The Irish Question", which was the great troublesome political (colonial) problem between England and Ireland. Chiefly based upon the standpoint of "Post-colonialism" we have shown the following (1)-(6) points :
1.In the beginning of Ulysses, there appears a noticeable allusion to Matthew Arnold, a great Victorian poet, critic and educator, who paid much attention to the Irish Question. (1) This allusion is apparently strange and satirical but has very important and symbolical meanings with the Irish Question.
2.This satirical allusion to Arnold has three backgrounds: The first is that (2) Arnold, who was counted as one of the greatest, liberal Ireland sympathizer, actually refused to admit the Irish Home Rule, independence and separation from England; the second is that (3) Arnold, in his main essays, Culture and Anarchy, On the Study of Celtic Literature and others, often tr
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ied to discriminate the Irish from the English as "others" and also to reveal Irish uncultivated, wild and anarchy-loving nature, and among others, Irish self-governing and political inability as Celts; The third is that (4) this assertion of Arnold was not his own particular one, but a general and typical one especially among the governing (elite) class in his time, and in that sense, Arnold only asserted the English imperial justification of the colonial rule of Ireland of his time and played the part of, as it were, an opinion leader of the governing class.
3.To the Irish Question are essential two-sided aspects: the one is concerned with the Irish rule from the English side, and the other the home rule, separation and independence from the Irish side. As for this, (5) in Ulysses neither English colonialism nor Irish nationalism is given any absolute dominancy or value to each other and in the results, (6) both of them become mingled and relative to each other, producing the unique, multi-colored "hybrid world of language and literature" where the traditional opposition of politics, culture, religion and language between two countries is sublated into harmony. Less
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