Linguistic skills of children in a Japanese-English two-way immersion program: Implications for English language teaching in elementary school

• Project/Area Number: 16K02982
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Section: 一般
• Research Field: Foreign language education
• Research Institution: Waseda University
• Principal Investigator: Harada Tetsuo 早稲田大学, 教育・総合科学学術院, 教授 (60208676)
• Project Period (FY): 2016-04-01 – 2019-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2018)
• Budget Amount: ¥4,420,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,020,000); Fiscal Year 2018: ¥910,000 (Direct Cost: ¥700,000、Indirect Cost: ¥210,000); Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,430,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥330,000); Fiscal Year 2016: ¥2,080,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥480,000)
• Keywords: 日英語双方向イマージョン教育 / 話す能力 / 音声習得 / 継承言語話者 / 外国語学習 / VOT / 日本語 / 英語 / 第二言語音声習得 / イマージョン教育 / accent / comprehensibility / two-way immersion / 早期外国語教育 / バイリンガル教育 / 第二言語習得

Outline of Final Research Achievements

This is a project on the development of language skills by children in a Japanese English two-way immersion program. It consists of their speaking skills measured by the ACTFL Assessment of Performance toward Proficiency in Languages (AAPPL) and pronunciation accuracy obtained by acoustic analysis (i.e., voice onset time for [p, t, k] in both English Japanese). For the assessment of their speaking skills, many of the participants (85%) reached the level of at least I-2 or I-3 (Intermediate Mid), whereas the top 15% of them successfully reached the Intermediate High (I-5) level. For the analysis of VOT, though they did not develop their VOT values across grades, speakers of both Japanese as a foreign language (JFL) and Japanese as a heritage language (JHL) in the program produced VOT in the same way regardless of the place of articulation. In addition, the JFL learners successfully distinguished in VOT between English and Japanese.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

米国の公立小学校で日英語双方向イマージョン教育を受けている児童の85%が小学校5年生までに、B1下位レベル（英検２級または準１級）程度の日本語の話す能力を習得しているのは、日本の英語カリキュラム編成に大きな示唆を与えると思われる。さらに、一方向イマージョン教育とは異なり、発音習得にも大きな利益をもたらす双方向イマージョン教育は、自然環境に近い教室内での音声習得の研究に新たな視点を与えると思われる。また、本研究は将来の言語政策、教員養成、カリキュラム開発に関わる者、さらには教員、学習者、親などに、外国語教育の一つの可能性を示すものである。

Research Products

• [Int'l Joint Research] University of California, Los Angeles(米国)
• [Int'l Joint Research] カリフォルニア大学ロサンゼルス校/アジア言語文化学科(米国)
• [Journal Article] イマージョン教育について－日本の小学校英語教育への展望－ (2019)
  • Author(s): 原田 哲男
  • Journal Title: 『東アジア地域における小学校英語教育 －日・中・韓の国際比較ー』早稲田教育ブックレット Volume: 21 Pages: 38-50
• [Journal Article] Roles of Vocabulary Knowledge for Success in English-Medium Instruction: Self-Perceptions and Academic Outcomes of Japanese Undergraduates (2018)
  • Author(s): Uchihara Takumi、Harada Tetsuo
  • Journal Title: TESOL Quarterly Volume: 52 Issue: 3 Pages: 564-587
  • DOI: 10.1002/tesq.453
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Students’ perspectives on the role of English-medium instruction in English learning: A case study (2018)
  • Author(s): Suzuki, S., Harada, T., Eguchi, M., Kudo, S., & Moriya, R.
  • Journal Title: 早稲田大学教育学研究科『教育学研究科紀要（別冊）』 Volume: 26 Pages: 1-18
  • NAID: 120006528596
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Roles of vocabulary knowledge for success in EMI: Self-perceptions and academic outcomes of Japanese undergraduates (2018)
  • Author(s): Uchihara, T., & Harada, T.
  • Journal Title: TESOL Quarterly Volume: -
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Students' perspectives on the role of English-medium instruction in English learning: A case study (2018)
  • Author(s): Suzuki, S., Harada, T., Eguchi, M., Kudo, S., & Moriya, R.
  • Journal Title: 『教育学研究科紀要（別冊）』早稲田大学教育学研究科 Volume: 26-1
  • NAID: 120006528596
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Foreign language learning motivation in the Japanese context: Social and political influences on self (2017)
  • Author(s): McEown, S. M., Sawaki, Y., & Harada, T.
  • Journal Title: The Modern Language Journal Volume: 101-3 Pages: 533-547
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Developing a content-based English as a foreign language program: Needs analysis and curriculum design at the university level (2017)
  • Author(s): Harada, T.
  • Journal Title: In M.A. Snow & D.M. Brinton (Eds.), The content-based classroom Volume: - Pages: 46-62
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Investigating English speaking anxiety in English-medium instruction (2017)
  • Author(s): Kudo, S., Harada,T., Eguchi, M., Suzuki, S., & Moria, R.
  • Journal Title: Essays on English language and literature, Waseda University Volume: 46 Pages: 7-23
  • NAID: 120006230556
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Investigating the relationship between students' attitudes toward English-medium instruction and L2 speaking (2017)
  • Author(s): Suzuki, S., Harada, T., Eguchi, M., Kudo, S., & Moria, R.
  • Journal Title: Essays on English language and literature, Waseda University Volume: 46 Pages: 25-41
  • NAID: 120006230557
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Developing a content-based English as a foreign language program: Needs analysis and curriculum design at the university level (2017)
  • Author(s): Harada, T.
  • Journal Title: The content-based classroom: New perspectives on integrating language and content Volume: 1 Pages: 37-52
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Acquisition of pronunciation by Japanese heritage and foreign language learners in a two-way immersion program (2019)
  • Author(s): Harada, T.
  • Organizer: The American Association of Teachers of Japanese (AATJ) Spring Conference, Denver, Colorado
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 国際バカロレア教育と英語教育：CBI/CLILの視点から (2019)
  • Author(s): 原田 哲男
  • Organizer: 大学での国際バカロレア担当教員養成の課題と展望 教育の国際化研究会 早稲田大学
• [Presentation] Acquisition of voice onset time (VOT) by English-Japanese bilinguals in a two-way immersion program (2019)
  • Author(s): Harada, T.
  • Organizer: The Conference of the American Association for Applied Linguistics (AAAL), Atlanta, Georgia
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Acquisition of Japanese voiceless stops by English-dominant children in a two-way immersion bilingual program (2019)
  • Author(s): Harada, T.
  • Organizer: ALT Research Seminar, Centre for Applied Linguistics, University College London Institute of Education (UCL IOE), UK
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Bilingual education and ELF speakers in Japan (2019)
  • Author(s): Harada, T.
  • Organizer: The 8th Waseda ELF International Workshop and Symposium, Symposium 2: Applied Linguistic Research from an ELF Perspective: Current and Future Directions, Waseda University, Tokyo
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] 第二言語習得研究から見た二言語・多言語教育：CBI/CLILの再考 (2019)
  • Author(s): 原田 哲男
  • Organizer: グローバル社会を生きる知性とは 言語とアイデンティティの視点から―フィンランドの言語教育に学ぶ日本の英語教育― 早稲田大学
  • Invited
• [Presentation] イマージョン教育について―日本の小学校英語教育への展望― (2018)
  • Author(s): 原田 哲男
  • Organizer: 東アジア地域における小学校英語教育―日・中・韓の国際比較― 教育最前線講演会シリーズ28 早稲田大学教育総合研究所主催
  • Invited
• [Presentation] New speakers in dual language education in the US: A Japanese-English two-way immersion program (2018)
  • Author(s): Harada, T.
  • Organizer: The 4th Language Education in Global and Multilingual Context (LEGMC) Colloquium, Waseda University, Tokyo
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Immersion education in China, Japan and the USA (2018)
  • Author(s): Harada, T.
  • Organizer: The International Forum, English Education in Elementary Schools: Comparative Studies between Japan and China, Waseda University
  • Invited
• [Presentation] English medium instruction and curriculum development at a university in Japan (2018)
  • Author(s): Harada, T.
  • Organizer: The 2018 BeSeTo Symposium, Korea University, Seoul
  • Invited
• [Presentation] 初級者を対象としたCLILと外国語教育（２）：カリキュラムに対する教師の意識改革とその実践 (2018)
  • Author(s): 原田 哲男
  • Organizer: 上智大学言語教育研究センターFD講演会
  • Invited
• [Presentation] English- and Japanese-dominant children’s voice onset time (VOT) in a two-way immersion program (2018)
  • Author(s): Harada, T.
  • Organizer: The 10th Annual Conference of Pronunciation in Second Language Learning and Teaching (PSLLT), Iowa State University, Ames, IA
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Research methods in investigating voice onset time (VOT) in second language pronunciation (2018)
  • Author(s): Harada, T.
  • Organizer: The 10th Annual Conference of Pronunciation in Second Language Learning and Teaching (PSLLT), Iowa State University, Ames, IA
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] Needs analysis and curriculum design for content-based instruction at the university level (2018)
  • Author(s): Harada, T.
  • Organizer: Invited lecture given at University College London Institute of Education (UCL IOE), UK
  • Invited
• [Presentation] CLIL/CBI to EMI: Curriculum design and implementation at the university level (2018)
  • Author(s): Harada, T.
  • Organizer: Lecture given at the J-CLIL conference, Waseda University
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Japanese language proficiency of high school students who attended a Japanese/English Immersion Program in California (2018)
  • Author(s): Takakura, A. H., & Harada, T.
  • Organizer: Paper presented at the NHLRC Conference, The National Heritage Language Resource Center at the University of California, Los Angeles, California
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 初級者を対象としたCLILと外国語教育: 第二言語習得とバイリンガル教育の視点から (2018)
  • Author(s): 原田 哲男
  • Organizer: 上智大学言語教育研究センターFD講演会
  • Invited
• [Presentation] How successfully can TBLT be applied in English-medium instruction and regular language courses in an EFL Context? (2017)
  • Author(s): Harada, T., Suzuki, N., Eguchi, M., Kudo, S., & Suzuki, S.
  • Organizer: The Seventh International Conference on Task-Based Language Teaching
  • Place of Presentation: Barcelona, Spain
  • Year and Date: 2017-04-19
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] A myth of the earlier the better: Evidence from foreign language learning (2017)
  • Author(s): Harada, T.
  • Organizer: The School of English and Education and the Research Center for Linguistics and English Education,
  • Place of Presentation: Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou (Canton), PR China
  • Year and Date: 2017-03-20
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Preparing first-year students for English-medium instruction(EMI): Assessing English for academic purposes (EAP) and advising in language learning (ALL) (2017)
  • Author(s): Matsumura, K., Moriya, R., Harada, T., & Sawaki, Y.
  • Organizer: Paper presented at the 7th Waseda ELF International Workshop & the 3rd EMI-ELF Workshop, Waseda University
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Differentiated instructions of pronunciation for K-16 Japanese learners (2017)
  • Author(s): Takakura, A. H., Harada, T., & Shoji, K.
  • Organizer: Paper presented at the 2017 Annual Convention and World Languages Expo, Music City Center, Nashville, Tennessee
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] English-Medium Instruction (EMI) の理論と実践 (2017)
  • Author(s): 原田 哲男
  • Organizer: 東京工業大学 授業の英語化推進WG
  • Invited
• [Presentation] Accent and comprehensibility of English-speaking children’s Japanese speech in a two-way immersion program (2017)
  • Author(s): Harada, T.
  • Organizer: Paper presented at the Pronunciation in Second Language Learning & Teaching (PSLLT) 9th Annual Conference, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] How successfully TBLT can be applied in English-medium instruction and regular language courses in an EFL context? (2017)
  • Author(s): Harada, T., Suzuki, N., Eguchi, M., Kudo, S., & Suzuki, S.
  • Organizer: Colloquium held at the Seventh International Conference on Task-Based Language Teaching, Barcelona, Spain
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Effects of two-way immersion instruction on accent, comprehensibility, and voice onset time (VOT) (2016)
  • Author(s): Harada, T., & Asako Hayashi-Takakura.
  • Organizer: The 35th Second Language Research Forum (SLRF)
  • Place of Presentation: Teachers College, Columbia University, New York
  • Year and Date: 2016-09-24
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Pronunciation skills of English-speaking children in a Japanese two-way immersion program (2016)
  • Author(s): Harada, T., & Asako Hayashi-Takakura.
  • Organizer: The 8th International Conference on Second Language Speech (New Sounds 2016)
  • Place of Presentation: Aarhus University, Denmark
  • Year and Date: 2016-06-11
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Book] Analyzing discourse in EAP and EMI courses from an ELF perspective (2019)
  • Author(s): Harada, T., & Moriya, R.
  • Total Pages: 12
  • Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan