| Budget Amount *help |
¥2,470,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥570,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000)
Fiscal Year 2017: ¥780,000 (Direct Cost: ¥600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥180,000)
Fiscal Year 2016: ¥1,040,000 (Direct Cost: ¥800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥240,000)
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
In the Edo period, inland villages in the western Shimotsuke Province largely used fish manure to fertilize hemp, a specialty product of the area. To the east, seaside villages in Hitachi, Shimosa, and Kazusa Povinces, using nets made of hemp rope, produced and sold fish manure. Since the latter half of the 18th century, these two regions, linked by sales and trade among peasants, shared a complementary relationship that contributed to the mutual development of their respective industries and livelihoods.In the Edo Period, influential peasants in Eastern Shimotsuke Province frequently planned the creation of connections to Hitachi Province's inland water transportation networks (river and lakes) with the aim of expanding the regional economy. Specifically, they made efforts to expand shipping routes by constructing new riverbanks and by connecting rivers with canals, thereby contributing to the formation of a trading/economic zone directly between the east and west areas of the region.
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