Comparison of Decision Making by Agent and Judge in Moral Dilemmas

• Project/Area Number: 16K17292
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Research Field: Social psychology
• Research Institution: The University of Tokyo
• Principal Investigator: Hashimoto Takaaki 東京大学, 大学院人文社会系研究科(文学部), 助教 (80772102)
• Project Period (FY): 2016-04-01 – 2019-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2018)
• Budget Amount: ¥2,860,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥660,000); Fiscal Year 2017: ¥520,000 (Direct Cost: ¥400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥120,000); Fiscal Year 2016: ¥2,340,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,800,000、Indirect Cost: ¥540,000)
• Keywords: 道徳ジレンマ / 功利主義的判断 / 判断・行動の乖離 / 自己制御 / 共感性 / マウストラッキング / 共感 / 注意制御 / 感情制御 / 社会心理学 / 実験系心理学

Outline of Final Research Achievements

The project examined whether there exist differences in how people make “judgments” about the acceptability of utilitarian actions in moral dilemmas and how people consider “acting” them out as an agent. Based on two empirical research, it was found that people experience greater conflict when in the role of an agent compared to a judge. Moreover, the data indicated that people who take the agent’s perspective show a significant decrease in conflict when they have high self-control traits.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

本研究は、道徳ジレンマでの意思決定について、「判断」と「行為遂行」を区別し、それぞれの意思決定に至るまでの心理過程の差異を、自己制御の観点から明確化したことに意義がある。また、課題中のマウスカーソルの動きを分析する手法により、意思決定時の個人内の葛藤を計量化して検討した点にも特色がある。本研究は、社会の中で、道徳が関わる題材について当事者と第三者で見解が異なる場合や、それが問題につながる状況に対して、その原因の解明に資する知見を提供する。

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Nothing at Stake in Knowledge. : A study in ethno-mentalizing (2019)
  • Author(s): Rose David et al (45名中22番目）
  • Journal Title: Nous, Volume: 印刷中 Pages: 1-24
  • DOI: 10.1111/nous.12211
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Impact of consumer power on consumers’ reactions to corporate transgression (2018)
  • Author(s): Hashimoto, T., & Karasawa, K.
  • Journal Title: PLoS ONE Volume: 13
  • DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196819
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Community Proactivity in Disaster Preparation: Research Based on Two Communities in Japan (2018)
  • Author(s): Hashimoto, T., Karasawa, K., Hirayama, K., Wada, M., & Hosaka, H.
  • Journal Title: J. Disaster Res. Volume: 13-4 Issue: 4 Pages: 55-766
  • DOI: 10.20965/jdr.2018.p0755
  • NAID: 130007429847
  • ISSN: 1881-2473, 1883-8030
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] The Gettier Intuition from South America to Asia (2017)
  • Author(s): Machery, E., Stich, S., Rose, D., Hashimoto, T.ほか
  • Journal Title: Journal of Indian Council of Philosophical Research Volume: 34 Pages: 517-541
  • DOI: 10.1007/s40961-017-0113-y
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Behavioral circumscription and the folk psychology of belief: A study in ethno-mentalizing (2017)
  • Author(s): Rose David et al (47名中23番目）
  • Journal Title: Thought: A Journal of Philosophy, Volume: 6 Pages: 193-203
  • DOI: 10.1002/tht3.248
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] We perceive a mind in a robot when we help it. (2017)
  • Author(s): Tanibe Tetsushi、Hashimoto Takaaki、Karasawa Kaori
  • Journal Title: PLOS ONE Volume: 12
  • DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180952
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] 自由意志信念が社会的相互作用場面での攻撃行動に与える効果―運命的決定論信念に着目して― (2017)
  • Author(s): 福本都・苫米地飛・橋本剛明・唐沢かおり
  • Journal Title: 人間環境学研究 Volume: 15 Pages: 73-80
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] When and by Whom Are Apologies Considered? The Effects of Relationship and Victim/Observer Standing on Japanese People’s Forgiveness (2017)
  • Author(s): Hashimoto, T., & Karasawa, K.
  • Journal Title: Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships Volume: 10 Pages: 171-185
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] When and by whom are apologies considered? The effects of relationship and victim/observer standing on Japanese people’s forgiveness (2017)
  • Author(s): T. Hashimoto, K. Karasawa
  • Journal Title: nterpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships Volume: 10 Pages: 171-185
  • DOI: 10.5964/ijpr.v10i2.214
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Effects of agency on morally instrumental harm: A mouse-tracking investigation (2019)
  • Author(s): Hashimoto, T., & Karasawa, K.
  • Organizer: 2019 Society for Personality and Social Psychology Convention
• [Presentation] 『制裁への不十分感』が第三者の制裁行動に及ぼす影響 (2018)
  • Author(s): 森芳竜太・橋本剛明・唐沢かおり
  • Organizer: 日本グループ・ダイナミックス学会第65回大会
• [Presentation] 争いの被害者のパーソナリティと赦し：視点取得の効果に着目して (2018)
  • Author(s): 福本都・橋本剛明・唐沢かおり
  • Organizer: 日本社会心理学会第59回大会
• [Presentation] Mind attribution of "brain-dead" patient influences people's attitudes toward organ transplant (2017)
  • Author(s): Hashimoto, T., & Karasawa, K.
  • Organizer: 2017 Society for Personality and Social Psychology Convention
  • Place of Presentation: San Antonio（United States of America）
  • Year and Date: 2017-01-19
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] 道徳ジレンマ問題で道徳判断と行動選択の差を生じる要因の検討：自己制御と共感 (2017)
  • Author(s): 榊原瑞清・櫻井良祐・橋本剛明・唐沢かおり
  • Organizer: 日本グループ・ダイナミックス学会第64回大会
• [Presentation] 不祥事企業の集団実体性と購買回避理由の関係 (2017)
  • Author(s): 谷辺哲史・橋本剛明・唐沢かおり
  • Organizer: 日本グループ・ダイナミックス学会第64回大会
• [Presentation] 多数派のふるまいが第三者の制裁行動に与える影響：二重過程モデルとの関連から (2017)
  • Author(s): 森芳竜太・橋本剛明・唐沢かおり
  • Organizer: 日本グループ・ダイナミックス学会第64回大会
• [Presentation] Effects of trait self-control on people's decisions toward moral dilemmas (2017)
  • Author(s): Hashimoto, T., Sakurai, R., Shiraiwa, Y., & Karasawa, K.
  • Organizer: AASP 2017 Conference
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] People's conceptualization of the "mind" and how it works (2016)
  • Author(s): Hashimoto, T.
  • Organizer: 31st International Congress of Psychology
  • Place of Presentation: パシフィコ横浜（神奈川県横浜市）
  • Year and Date: 2016-07-24
  • Int'l Joint Research