| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
HOSOYA Kazumi Kinki University, Faculty of Agriculture, Professor (10330242)
YOSHIDA Masayuki Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Associate Professor (70253119)
UMINO Tetsuya Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Associate Professor (70232890)
TACHIHARA Kazunori University of the Ryukyu, Faculty of Science, Associate Professor (70264471)
NISHIDA Mutsumi University of Tokyo, Ocean Research Institute, Professor (90136896)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥12,000,000 (Direct Cost: ¥11,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥600,000)
Fiscal Year 2007: ¥2,600,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥600,000)
Fiscal Year 2006: ¥3,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,200,000)
Fiscal Year 2005: ¥6,200,000 (Direct Cost: ¥6,200,000)
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| Research Abstract |
1) We have arrived at the National Museum of Natural History at Leiden, Netherlands, and inspected and measured type-specimens of Japanese crucian carp collected by von Siebold and Buexger. Although we have identified Carassius cuvieri, C. langsdorfii and C. grandculis, as Gengorobuna, Ginbuna and Nigorobuna, respectively, we noticed a possibility that a type-series of C. buergeri might include Okinbuna/Nagabuna. This survey indicated that the classification of Japanese Carassius species is still incomplete.
2) Thereupon, we examined 47 wild Carassius specimens collected at Japan and Korea and some varieties of goldfish, for the phylogenetic relationship by analyzing the morphometric characteristics, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and ploidy. Phylogenetic denclrograms constructed based on approximately 3,400 bp, sequences of mtDNA ND4/ND5 region dearly demonstrated that Japanese and Korean Carassius fauna consists of three major clusters,; 1. Korea-Okinawa-goldfish duster, 2. Gengorobuna dus
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ter and 3. Japanese main cluster. Among the third duster, three sub-duster can be recognized, namely the north-east, central and southern Japanese ones. The sub-cluster could be represented by Kinbuna, Nagabuna/Nigorobuna and Okinbuna, respectively. Ploidy tests showed that fishes classified into the Gengorobuna cluster were all diploid, but the others diploid/triploid complex. Interestingly, the two ploidy types in each sub-cluster shared with extremely similar mtDNA, strongly indicating not only their inter-sexual interactions, but also gene. exchanges might have been occurring between them within each habitat.
3) The study also might provide real answers to questions whether goldfish were originated from a continental ancestor and whether the Japanese endemic Carassius species should be given their own scientific names.
4) It is empirically told that goldfish is bald and crucian carp is shy. We showed that the individual reactivity of fish could be measured by a swimway test. Then, molecular backgrounds of the behavioral difference were sought in mRNAs extracted from the brain of selected fish. Less
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