The Effectiveness of Employment Measures and Anti-Discrimination Laws for the Elderly and the Disabled: How Human Behaviour in Organisations Can Influence the Outcomes of Government Policies

Research Project

Project/Area Number	17H01000
Research Category	Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
Allocation Type	Single-year Grants
Section	一般
Research Field	Management
Research Institution	Keiai University
Principal Investigator	Takagi Tomoyo 敬愛大学, 経済学部, 教授 (20383367)
Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha)	山田篤裕慶應義塾大学, 経済学部(三田), 教授 (10348857) 水町勇一郎東京大学, 社会科学研究所, 教授 (20239255) 肥後裕輝九州大学, 留学生センター, 教授 (80748153) 金子能宏日本社会事業大学, 社会福祉学部, 教授 (30224611) 西脇暢子日本大学, 経済学部, 教授 (50315743)
Project Period (FY)	2017-04-01 – 2022-03-31
Project Status	Completed (Fiscal Year 2022)
Budget Amount *help	¥42,250,000 (Direct Cost: ¥32,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥9,750,000) Fiscal Year 2021: ¥3,120,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥720,000) Fiscal Year 2020: ¥9,230,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,130,000) Fiscal Year 2019: ¥19,630,000 (Direct Cost: ¥15,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥4,530,000) Fiscal Year 2018: ¥3,770,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥870,000) Fiscal Year 2017: ¥6,500,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,500,000)
Keywords	高年齢者 / 障害者 / 雇用政策 / 差別禁止法 / 人間行動 / 国際研究 / 経営学 / 人的資源管理 / 高年齢者・障害者 / 国際比較
Outline of Final Research Achievements	As far as the employment of the elderly and the disabled is concerned, the international community has been oriented towards policies based on anti-discrimination laws. However, even in pioneering countries, there have been investigative reports that express doubts about the effectiveness. We tried to identify by quantitative and qualitative analyses of international comparative surveys what enhances or diminishes the effectiveness of laws and policies, and showed both theoretically and pragmatically the possible path to rectifying discrimination and encouraging employment. Since the macroscopic view of society should be understood as an aggregate of microscopic elements such as human thinking, psychology and behaviour, it is important to observe complex human behaviour and to incorporate such factors in policy-making. In mid- to long-term estimates, it is hoped that our global outlook will lead to a new policy stance that will help to bring about a truly inclusive society.
Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements	国際社会は差別禁止法が差別や雇用問題を解決していくという道筋を想定している。対して本研究は、「実際に働き活躍する実例が社会に示される→人々の差別意識の希薄化→更なる雇用拡大」という道筋が現実的であると仮定し、差別禁止法に基づく政策への世界的収斂に対して学術的に問題提起を行う研究である。また、国際社会における高齢と障害を同時並行で論じる視点を取り入れ、国際的議論の俎上に日本をのせる試みでもあった。本研究の成果は、欧米型と日本型法制が混在し難しい局面を迎える日本への政策提言を導くという社会的意義を持ち、中長期的には、日本だけではなくグローバルな視点から「共生社会」実現の一助となる視点を示している。