The surviving of Japanese martial arts under the GHQ occupation in Japan

• Project/Area Number: 17K01667
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• Allocation Type: Multi-year Fund
• Section: 一般
• Research Field: Sports science
• Research Institution: Hitotsubashi University
• Principal Investigator: Sakaue Yasuhiro 一橋大学, 大学院社会学研究科, 教授 (10196058)
• Project Period (FY): 2017-04-01 – 2020-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2019)
• Budget Amount: ¥3,380,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥780,000); Fiscal Year 2019: ¥650,000 (Direct Cost: ¥500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥150,000); Fiscal Year 2018: ¥1,170,000 (Direct Cost: ¥900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥270,000); Fiscal Year 2017: ¥1,560,000 (Direct Cost: ¥1,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥360,000)
• Keywords: 武道 / 剣道 / 柔道 / ＧＨＱ / 戦後改革 / 調達庁 / 占領政策 / 武道政策 / 慰問 / 日系アメリカ人 / 占領期 / GHQ / 米兵

Outline of Final Research Achievements

This study examines the Japanese martial arts in the general public under the GHQ occupation, which is popularly viewed as a “dark age” because of the banning by GHQ. That is too one-side a view, however, (1)some provincial occupation governments recognized the martial arts activities, (2)Japanese governments send martial arts players systematically to entertain military camps, and (3)some American soldiers took lessons on martial arts. These historical facts mean the complicated relation between martial arts and GHQ and Japanese at that time.

Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements

本研究によって、これまで看過されてきたＧＨＱ占領下の社会体育分野における武道の存続状況に光が当てられ、武道が禁止された「冬の時代」という占領期のイメージの修正がなされた。①ＧＨＱの地方軍政部の対応は多様であり、武道活動を公認していた地方も存在し、また、②日本の政府機関として設置された調達庁によって、米軍キャンプへの武道の慰問活動が組織的計画的に実施されていた。さらには、③米兵が柔道などの武道を講道館等で実践していた。これらの史実によって、占領期における武道は、単なる「冬の時代」ではなく、禁止と奨励が入り混じった複雑な様相を呈していることが明らかになった。

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Kendo : An Indigenous Culture Embodying National Narratives in Japan (2020)
  • Author(s): Yasuhiro Sakaue
  • Journal Title: in Fan Hong and Lu Zhouxiang eds., The Routledge Handbook of Sport in Asia, Routledge Volume: なし
• [Journal Article] The Tokyo Olympics of 1964 and Nationalism in the Literary Essays (2019)
  • Author(s): 坂上康博
  • Journal Title: 一橋大学スポーツ研究 Volume: 38 Pages: 19-34
  • DOI: 10.15057/31069
  • NAID: 120006814337
  • ISSN: 1880-3814
  • Year and Date: 2019-12-27
  • Open Access
• [Journal Article] The Nationalization of the Body in Martial Arts: A Case of Postwar Japan (2019)
  • Author(s): Yasuhiro Sakaue
  • Journal Title: Journal of Martial Arts Research Volume: 2(2) Pages: 1-9
  • Open Access
• [Journal Article] 剣道の禁止と再出発 (2019)
  • Author(s): 坂上康博
  • Journal Title: 剣道日本 Volume: 8月号 Pages: 66-73
• [Journal Article] The Historical Creation of Kendo’s Self-Image from 1895 to 1942：A Critical Analysis of an Invented Tradition (2018)
  • Author(s): Sakaue, Yasuhiro
  • Journal Title: Martial Arts Studies Volume: 6 Issue: 6 Pages: 10-26
  • DOI: 10.18573/mas.66
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] The dominant narrative and the forgotten and hidden side of Japanese Olympic history (2019)
  • Author(s): Yasuhiro Sakaue
  • Organizer: The International Workshop "Alternative Olympic Narratives in Japan", at the Faculty of Arts and Philosophy of Ghent University in Belgium
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Presentation] The Nationalization of the Body in Martial Arts: A Case of Postwar Japan (2018)
  • Author(s): Sakaue, Yasuhiro
  • Organizer: The Annual Conference of the Martial Arts Section of the German Society of Sport Science
  • Int'l Joint Research / Invited
• [Book] スポーツの世界史 (2018)
  • Author(s): 坂上康博・中房敏朗・石井昌幸・高嶋航
  • Total Pages: 653
  • Publisher: 一色出版
  • ISBN: 9784909383044