Elucidation of global carbon cycle and its climate response

• Project/Area Number: 18H01275
• Research Category: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• Allocation Type: Single-year Grants
• Section: 一般
• Review Section: Basic Section 17020:Atmospheric and hydrospheric sciences-related
• Research Institution: Tohoku University
• Principal Investigator: 青木 周司 東北大学, 理学研究科, 学術研究員 (00183129)
• Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha): 森本 真司 東北大学, 理学研究科, 教授 (30270424)
• Project Period (FY): 2018-04-01 – 2022-03-31
• Project Status: Completed (Fiscal Year 2021)
• Budget Amount: ¥16,120,000 (Direct Cost: ¥12,400,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,720,000); Fiscal Year 2021: ¥3,250,000 (Direct Cost: ¥2,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥750,000); Fiscal Year 2020: ¥4,680,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,080,000); Fiscal Year 2019: ¥3,900,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,000,000、Indirect Cost: ¥900,000); Fiscal Year 2018: ¥4,290,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥990,000)
• Keywords: 二酸化炭素濃度 / 同位体比 / 酸素濃度 / モデル / 二酸化炭素 / 炭素同位体比 / 全球大気化学輸送モデル / 陸域生態系モデル / 全球3次元大気化学輸送モデル

Outline of Annual Research Achievements

１）二酸化炭素濃度やその同位体比および酸素濃度の広域観測（青木、森本、研究協力者）
日本-オセアニア間および日本-北米間を航行する定期コンテナ船上、北極ニーオルスン基地、北極チャーチル基地、南極昭和基地、日本とシベリア上空での航空機による系統的な大気採取による二酸化炭素濃度やその同位体比および酸素濃度の観測を継続的に展開するとともに、北極ニーオルスン基地、南極昭和基地での酸素や二酸化炭素濃度の連続観測を継続して実施し、広域にわたる時空間変動を明らかにした。
２）二酸化炭素濃度やその同位体比および酸素濃度観測データを用いたCO2 の収支解析（青木、森本）
二酸化炭素の収支解析を進めるため、二酸化炭素の濃度やその同位体比の観測を展開している米国スクリップス海洋研究所および海洋大気庁地球システム研究所、オーストラリア連邦科学産業機構、国立環境研究所から関連データの収集を継続し、本研究によるデータと併せて地球規模のデータセットを作成した。作成されたデータセットの詳細な解析を行い、地球規模における二酸化炭素の濃度やその同位体比の時空間変動を明らかにした。
３）3次元大気化学輸送モデルと生態系モデルを用いた地球規模二酸化炭素収支の推定（青木、森本、Patra、伊藤）
3次元大気化学輸送モデルに、本研究で作成したCO2濃度の地球規模データセットを用いてインバージョン解析を行い、全球および全球を84分割した各領域におけるCO2フラックスとその時間変化を推定する。さらに、陸上生態系モデルによって与えられる温室効果気体フラックスおよび二酸化炭素同位体組成を、大気化学輸送モデルによる推定結果と比較する。その結果を踏まえて、二酸化炭素フラックスの経年変動のメカニズムを明らかにした。

Research Progress Status

令和3年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Strategy for Future Research Activity

令和3年度が最終年度であるため、記入しない。

Research Products

• [Journal Article] Shipboard observations of atmospheric oxygen in the Southern Ocean during the 2017-2018 austral summer (2021)
  • Author(s): Morimoto, S., S. Takebayashi, D. Goto, G.Hashida, and S. Aoki
  • Journal Title: Polar Science, Volume: 29 Pages: 1-9
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.polar.2021.100691
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Antarctic surface temperature and elevation during the Last Glacial Maximum (2021)
  • Author(s): Buizert,C., Abe-Ouchi, A 39
  • Journal Title: Science Volume: 372 Pages: 1097-1101
  • DOI: 10.1126/science.abd2897
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Composition of firn air at the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP) site (2021)
  • Author(s): Kawamura, K., T. Umezawa, S. Sugawara, S. Ishidoya, K. Ishijima, T. Saito, I Oyabu, S. Murayama, S. Morimoto, S. Aoki, and T. Nakazawa
  • Journal Title: Polar Data Journal Volume: 5 Pages: 89-98
  • DOI: 10.20575/00000030
  • NAID: 120007143946
  • ISSN: 2432-6771
  • URL: http://id.nii.ac.jp/1434/00000030/
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Journal Article] Fractionation of O2/N2 and Ar/N2 in the Antarctic ice sheet during bubble formation and bubble-clathrate hydrate transition from precise gas measurements of the Dome Fuji ice core (2021)
  • Author(s): Oyabu, I., Kawamura, K., Uchida, T., Fujita, S., Kitamura, K., Hirabayashi, M., Aoki, S., Morimoto, S., Nakazawa, T., Severinghaus, J. P., and Morgan, J. D.
  • Journal Title: The Cryosphere Volume: 15 Pages: 5529-5555
  • DOI: 10.5194/tc-15-5529-2021
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Global and regional CH4 emissions for 1995-2013 derived from atmospheric CH4, d13C-CH4 and dD-CH4 observations and a chemical transport model (2020)
  • Author(s): Fujita, R., S. Morimoto, S. Maksyutov, H.-S. Kim, M. Arshinov, S. Aoki, and T. Nakazawa
  • Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Volume: - Pages: 1-23
  • DOI: 10.1029/2020jd032903
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Spatio-temporal variations of the atmospheric greenhouse gases and their sources and sinks in the Arctic region (2020)
  • Author(s): Morimoto, S., D. Goto, S. Murayama, R. Fujita, Y. Tohjima, S. Ishidoya, T. Machida, Y. Inai, P. K. Patra, S. Maksyutov, A. Ito, and S. Aoki
  • Journal Title: Polar Science Volume: -
• [Journal Article] New technique for high-precision, simultaneous measurements of CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O and CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations; isotopic and elemental ratios of N<sub>2</sub>, O<sub>2</sub> and Ar; and total air content in ice cores by wet extraction (2020)
  • Author(s): Oyabu Ikumi、Kawamura Kenji、Kitamura Kyotaro、Dallmayr Remi、Kitamura Akihiro、Sawada Chikako、Severinghaus Jeffrey P.、Beaudette Ross、Orsi Ana?s、Sugawara Satoshi、Ishidoya Shigeyuki、Dahl-Jensen Dorthe、Goto-Azuma Kumiko、Aoki Shuji、Nakazawa Takakiyo
  • Journal Title: Atmos. Meas. Tech. Volume: 13 Pages: 6703-6731
  • DOI: 10.5194/amt-13-6703-2020
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Implication of tropical lower stratospheric cooling in recent trends in tropical circulation and deep convective activity (2019)
  • Author(s): Kodera, K., N. Eguchi, R. Ueyama, Y. Kukoda, C. Kobayashi, Beatriz M. Funatsu, and Chantal Claud
  • Journal Title: Atmos. Chem. Phys. Volume: 19 Pages: 1-13
  • DOI: 10.5194/acp-19-1-2019
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Seasonal characteristics of trace gas transport into the extratropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (2019)
  • Author(s): Inai, Y., T. Machida, H. Matsueda, Y. Sawa, K. Tsuboi, K. Katsumata, S. Morimoto, S. Aoki, and T.,Nakazawa
  • Journal Title: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Volume: 19 Pages: 7073-7103
  • DOI: 10.5194/acp-19-7073-2019
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Temporal variations of the mole fraction, carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios of atmospheric methane in the Hudson Bay Lowlands, Canada. (2018)
  • Author(s): Fujita, R., S. Morimoto, T. Umezawa, K. Ishijima, P. K. Patra, D. E. J. Worthy, D. Goto, S. Aoki and T. Nakazawa
  • Journal Title: Journal of Geophysical Research Volume: 123 Pages: 4695-4711
  • DOI: 10.1002/2017jd027972
  • Peer Reviewed / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Balloon-borne tropospheric CO 2 observations over the equatorial eastern and western Pacific (2018)
  • Author(s): Inai Yoichi、Aoki Shuji、Honda Hideyuki、Furutani Hiroshi、Matsumi Yutaka、Ouchi Mai、Sugawara Satoshi、Hasebe Fumio、Uematsu Mitsuo、Fujiwara Masatomo
  • Journal Title: Atmospheric Environment Volume: 184 Pages: 24-36
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.04.016
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access
• [Journal Article] Coordinated Upper-troposphere-to-stratosphere Balloon Experiment in Biak (CUBE/Biak) (2018)
  • Author(s): Hasebe, F., S. Aoki, S. Morimoto, Y. Inai, T. Nakazawa, S. Sugawara, C. Ikeda, H. Honda, H. Yamazaki, Halimurrahman, N. Komala, F. Putri, A. Budiyono, M. Soedjarwo, S. Ishidoya, S. Toyoda, T. Shibata, M. Hayashi, N. Eguchi, N. Nishi, M. Fujiwara, S. Ogino, M. Shiotani, and T. Sugidachi
  • Journal Title: B. Am. Meteor. Soc. Volume: 99 Pages: 1213-1230
  • DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-16-0289.1
  • Peer Reviewed / Open Access / Int'l Joint Research
• [Journal Article] Gravitational separation of the stratospheric air over Syowa, Antarctica and its connection with meteorological fields (2018)
  • Author(s): Ishidoya, S., S. Sugawara, Y. Inai, S. Morimoto, H. Honda, C. Ikeda, Y. Tomikawa, S. Toyoda, D. Goto, S. Aoki, and T. Nakazawa
  • Journal Title: Atmos Sci Lett. Volume: e857 Pages: 1-7
  • DOI: 10.1002/asl.857
  • Peer Reviewed
• [Presentation] Vertical profiles of halocarbons in the stratosphere over Japan in 2020 and implications for the “mean age” of stratospheric air (2022)
  • Author(s): Shoko Hikichi, Shinji Morimoto, Taku Umezawa, Takuya Saito, Sakae Toyoda, Satoshi Sugawara, Shigeyuki Ishidoya, Hideyuki Honda and Shuji Aoki
  • Organizer: JpGU 2022
• [Presentation] 大気ポテンシャル酸素の季節変動に対する 南北半球間大気輸送の影響 (2021)
  • Author(s): 石戸谷重之, 丹羽洋介, 坪井一寛, 森本真司, 遠嶋康徳, 後藤大輔, 青木周司, 村山昌平, 青木伸行, 石島健太郎, 亀崎和輝, 松枝秀和
  • Organizer: 大気化学討論会
• [Presentation] ractionation of O2/N2 and Ar/N2 in the Antarctic ice sheet from precise gas measurements of the Dome Fuji ice core -Constraining permeabilities of O2, N2 and Ar in the ice sheet with a simple diffusion model- (2021)
  • Author(s): Ikumi Oyabu, Kenji Kawamura, Tsutomu Uchida, Shuji Fujita, Kyotaro Kitamura, Motohiro Hirabayashi, Shuji Aoki, Shinji Morimoto, Takakiyo Nakazawa, Jeffrey P. Severinghaus, Jacob D. Morgan
  • Organizer: The 12th symposium on Polar Science
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] Variations of partial pressure of CO2 in the surface seawater (2021)
  • Author(s): Takayuki Matsuura, Shinji Morimoto, Gen Hashida, Tomomi Takamura, Shin-ichiro Nakaoka and Shuji Aoki
  • Organizer: The 12th symposium on Polar Science
  • Int'l Joint Research
• [Presentation] ドームふじ氷床コアにおけるO2/N2とAr/N2の分別 (2021)
  • Author(s): 大藪幾美，川村賢二，内田努，藤田秀二，北村享太郎，平林幹啓，青木周司，森本真司，中澤高清
  • Organizer: JSSI & JSSE Joint Conference, 2021
• [Presentation] 成層圏大気重力分離と空気年齢の新たな応用;海洋貯熱量変動評価における重要性 (2021)
  • Author(s): 石戸谷重之，菅原敏，青木周司，森本真司，本田秀之，豊田栄， 遠嶋康徳，後藤大輔，石島健太郎，長谷部文雄，丹羽洋介，青木伸行， 村山昌平，飯島一征，吉田哲也
  • Organizer: 大気球シンポジウム
• [Presentation] Temporal and spatial variations of the mole fraction, carbon and hydrogen isotope ratios of atmospheric methane in the western Pacific region (2021)
  • Author(s): Mahito Yasuda, Shinji Morimoto, Shuji Aoki, Ryo Fujita, and Taku Umezawa
  • Organizer: JpGU 2021
• [Presentation] In-situ and continuous observation of atmospheric N2O and CO concentrations at Syowa Station, Antarctica (2020)
  • Author(s): 赤井 章吾、森本 真司、李 偉、後藤 大輔、青木 周司
  • Organizer: JpGU-AGU Joint Mee ting 2020
• [Presentation] Studies on variations of atmospheric greenhouse gases in the ArCS project 2015-2019 (2020)
  • Author(s): Shinji Morimoto, Daisuke Goto, Shohei Murayama, Ryo Fujita, Yasunori Tohjim, Shigeyuki Ishidoya, Toshinobu Machida, Kazuhiro Tsuboi, Yoichi Inai, Prabir K. Patra, Shamil Maksyutov, Akihiko Ito and Shuji Aoki
  • Organizer: 極域科学シンポジウム2020
• [Presentation] マルチクロックトレーサーによる大気年代推定（B20-04 結果速報） (2020)
  • Author(s): 菅原敏, 青木周司, 森本真司, 本田秀之, 豊田栄, 石戸谷重之, 後藤大輔, 梅澤拓，長谷部文雄、石島健太郎、飯嶋一征, 吉田哲也
  • Organizer: 大気球シンポジウム2020
• [Presentation] In-situ observation of atmospheric N2O and CO concentrations st Syowa Station, Antarctica (2020)
  • Author(s): Shogo Akai, Shinji Morimoto, Li Wei, Daisuke Goto, Shuji Aoki
  • Organizer: JpGU-AGU Joint Mee ting 2020
• [Presentation] Atmospheric Gases and Isotopes as Passive Tracers of Climatic Processes (2020)
  • Author(s): Shigeyuki Ishidoya, Satoshi Sugawara, Shinji Morimoto, Daisuke Goto, Yasunori Tohjima, Kentaro Ishijima, Dmitry Belikov, Fumio Hasebe, Kazuhiro Tsuboi, Shohei Murayama, Nobuyuki Aoki, Shuji Aoki, Takakiyo Nakazawa
  • Organizer: AGU fall meeting 2020
• [Presentation] Selection bias of quasi-fixed-point observations in the ExUTLS and its impact on the seasonal record (2019)
  • Author(s): Yoichi Inai, Toshinobu Machida, Hidekazu Matsueda, Yousuke Sawa, Kazuhiro Tsuboi, Keiichi Katsumata, Shinji Morimoto, Shuji Aoki, Takakiyo Nakazawa, Ryo Fujita
  • Organizer: 日本地球惑星科学連合2019年大会
• [Presentation] Accurate chronology and climatic reconstruction around MIS 11 (interglacial period ~400,000 years ago) from Dome Fuji ice core, Antarctica (2019)
  • Author(s): Kenji Kawamura, Ikumi Oyabu, Shuji Aoki, Takakiyo Nakazawa, Ayako Abe-Ouchi, Fuyuki SAITO
  • Organizer: 日本地球惑星科学連合2019年大会
• [Presentation] Global inverse analysis of CH4 fluxes using NICAM-TM 4D-Var (2019)
  • Author(s): Yosuke Niwa, Akihiko Ito, Toshinobu Machida, Motoki Sasakawa, Yasunori Tohjima, Yukio Terao, Taku Umezawa, Shinji Morimoto, Shuji Aoki, 他
  • Organizer: 日本地球惑星科学連合2019年大会
• [Presentation] レーザー分光法による大気中N2OおよびCO濃度連続観測システムの開発と南極・昭和基地における大気観測への応用 (2019)
  • Author(s): 赤井章吾、森本真司、李偉、後藤大輔、青木周司
  • Organizer: 日本気象学会
• [Presentation] マルチクロックトレーサーによる大気年代の推定 (2019)
  • Author(s): 菅原敏, 青木周司, 森本真司, 稲飯洋一, 本田秀之, 豊田栄, 石戸谷重之, 後藤大輔, 梅澤拓, 長谷部文雄, 石島健太郎
  • Organizer: 大気球シンポジウム
• [Presentation] Development of a continuous measurement system for atmospheric N2O and CO concentrations and its application to in-situ observation at Syowa Station, Antarctica (2019)
  • Author(s): Shogo Akai, Shinji Morimoto, Li Wei, Daisuke Goto, Shuji Aok
  • Organizer: 極域科学シンポジウム
• [Presentation] 熱帯成層圏大気の重力分離とその数値シミュレーション (2018)
  • Author(s): 菅原敏, 石戸谷重之, 青木周司，森本真司，中澤高清， 稲飯洋一，本田秀之，豊田栄， 長谷部文雄，池田忠作，後藤大輔
  • Organizer: 日本気象学会
• [Presentation] Measurements of δ13C and δD of atmospheric CH4 in the northern North Pacific and the Arctic Ocean and interpretation of Arctic CH4 sources (2018)
  • Author(s): R. Fujita S. Morimoto1, S. Ishidoya2, Y. Tohjima3, K. Ishijima4, S. Aoki1 and T. Nakazawa
  • Organizer: IGAC
• [Presentation] Past variations of atmospheric methane and its isotope ratios reconstructed from firn air and ice core measurements (2018)
  • Author(s): Taku Umezawa, Satoshi Sugawara, Kenji Kawamura, Takanori Sugiyama, Prabir K. Patra, Kentaro Ishijima, Takuya Saito, Shinji Morimoto, Shuji Aoki and Takakiyo Nakazawa
  • Organizer: IGAC
• [Presentation] Temporal variations of the mole fraction and carbon isotope ratio of atmospheric methane observed at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard and Syowa Station, Antarctica (2018)
  • Author(s): Shinji Morimoto, Ryo Fujita, Shuji Aoki, Daisuke Goto and Takakiyo Nakazawa
  • Organizer: IGAC
• [Presentation] In-situ continuous observations of atmospheric O2/N2 ratio and CO2 concentration on-board “SHIRASE” in the Southern Ocean (2018)
  • Author(s): S. Takebayashi, S. Morimot1, D. Goto, G. Hashida, Y. Inai and S. Aoki
  • Organizer: 極域科学シンポジウム
• [Book] 南極読本 (2019)
  • Author(s): 阿保敏広、青木周司、ほか28名
  • Total Pages: 270
  • Publisher: 成山堂書店
  • ISBN: 9784425948123