Empirical study of the evolution of human cold adaptation by combining genetics and physiology
Project/Area Number |
18H02515
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Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
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Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
Section | 一般 |
Review Section |
Basic Section 45050:Physical anthropology-related
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Research Institution | The University of Tokyo |
Principal Investigator |
Nakayama Kazuhiro 東京大学, 大学院新領域創成科学研究科, 准教授 (90433581)
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Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
岩本 禎彦 自治医科大学, 医学部, 教授 (10232711)
斉藤 昌之 北海道大学, 獣医学研究院, 名誉教授 (80036441)
西村 貴孝 九州大学, 芸術工学研究院, 講師 (80713148)
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Project Period (FY) |
2018-04-01 – 2021-03-31
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Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 2021)
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Budget Amount *help |
¥17,290,000 (Direct Cost: ¥13,300,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,990,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥4,550,000 (Direct Cost: ¥3,500,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,050,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥5,460,000 (Direct Cost: ¥4,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,260,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥7,280,000 (Direct Cost: ¥5,600,000、Indirect Cost: ¥1,680,000)
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Keywords | ヒト / 寒冷適応進化 / 褐色脂肪組織 / 自然選択 / ゲノム多型 / 褐色脂肪細胞 / 熱産生 / ゲノム多様性 / 寒冷適応 / ゲノム / SNP / 遺伝学 / 生理学 / 一塩基多型 / 進化 |
Outline of Final Research Achievements |
In order to find evidence of genetic adaptation of humans to cold environments at high latitudes, we analyzed the individual differences in brown adipose tissue, which plays an important role in human thermoregulation, and changes in thermoregulatory function under cold stimulation in detail using physiological methods, and analyzed the evolutionary patterns of genomic polymorphisms related to these differences. As a result, we were able to identify several genomic regions that may be evidence of cold adaptation during the human expansion from North Asia to the Americas.
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Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
ヒトは、他の霊長類と同様に、低緯度の気温が高い地域で長く進化してきた生物だが、およそ10万年前以降の氷河期に高緯度の寒冷な地域にへの進出を果たした寒さに遺伝的に適応することが、高緯度地域への進出を後押ししたと考えられているが、その実体となる遺伝子は未だに明らかになっていない。この研究では、進化遺伝学解析、遺伝医学解析、生理学解析などの異なる研究手法を組み合わせてこの課題に挑戦し、ヒトの寒冷環境への適応に寄与する有力な候補遺伝子を同定することができた。また、このような遺伝子は、現代人の肥満のしやすさなどにも関わっていると予想されるので、新たな肥満予防・治療戦略の開発にも貢献できる可能性がある。
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Report
(4 results)
Research Products
(31 results)
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[Journal Article] Associations of erythrocyte fatty acid compositions with FADS1 gene polymorphism in Japanese mothers and infants.2020
Author(s)
Nita R, Kawabata T, Kagawa Y, Nakayama K, Yanagisawa Y, Iwamoto S, Kimura F, Miyazawa T, Tatsuta N, Arima T, Yaegashi N, Nakai K.
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Journal Title
Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids
Volume: 152
Pages: 102031-102031
DOI
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Peer Reviewed / Open Access
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[Journal Article] BCAA catabolism in brown fat controls energy homeostasis through SLC25A442019
Author(s)
Yoneshiro T, Wang Q, Tajima K, Matsushita M, Maki H, Igarashi K, Dai Z, White P J, McGarrah R W, Ilkayeva O R, Deleye Y, Oguri Y, Kuroda M, Ikeda K, Li H, Ueno A, Ohishi M, Ishikawa T, Kim K, Chen Y, Sponton C H, Pradhan R N, Majd H, Greiner V J, Yoneshiro M, Brown Z, Chondronikola M, Takahashi H, Goto T, et al
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Journal Title
Nature
Volume: 572
Issue: 7771
Pages: 614-619
DOI
Related Report
Peer Reviewed / Open Access
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[Presentation] Changes In Blood Component And DNA Methylation Patterns In Healthy Men Exposed Hypobaric Hypoxia2019
Author(s)
Motoi M, Toyoshima H, Nakayama K, Kishida F, Shin S, Nishimura T, Yasukouchi Y, Katsumura T, Oota H, Maeda T, Watanuki S
Organizer
The 14th International Congress of Physiological Anthropology.
Related Report
Int'l Joint Research
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[Presentation] Supraclavicular tissue total hemoglobin determined by near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy as indicators of brown adipose tissue characteristics in humans2018
Author(s)
Takafumi Hamaoka, Shinsuke Nirengi, Sayuri Fuse, Shiho Amagasa, Toshiyuki Homma, Ryotaro Kime, Miyuki Kuroiwa, Tasuki Endo, Naoki Sakane, Mami Matsushita, Masayuki Saito, Takeshi Yoneshiro, Yuko Kurosawa
Organizer
International Symposium: Role of Brown Adipose Tissue in Human Health
Related Report
Int'l Joint Research