Paralympic brain -ability of functional and structural reorganization in human brain-
| Project/Area Number |
18H04082
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| Research Category |
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
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| Allocation Type | Single-year Grants |
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| Section | 一般 |
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| Review Section |
Medium-sized Section 59:Sports sciences, physical education, health sciences, and related fields
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| Research Institution | The University of Tokyo |
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Principal Investigator |
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| Co-Investigator(Kenkyū-buntansha) |
西村 幸男 公益財団法人東京都医学総合研究所, 認知症・高次脳機能研究分野, プロジェクトリーダー (20390693)
荒牧 勇 中京大学, スポーツ科学部, 教授 (40414023)
野崎 大地 東京大学, 大学院教育学研究科(教育学部), 教授 (70360683)
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| Project Period (FY) |
2018-04-01 – 2022-03-31
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| Project Status |
Completed (Fiscal Year 2021)
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| Budget Amount *help |
¥44,460,000 (Direct Cost: ¥34,200,000、Indirect Cost: ¥10,260,000)
Fiscal Year 2021: ¥9,230,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,130,000)
Fiscal Year 2020: ¥9,230,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,130,000)
Fiscal Year 2019: ¥9,230,000 (Direct Cost: ¥7,100,000、Indirect Cost: ¥2,130,000)
Fiscal Year 2018: ¥16,770,000 (Direct Cost: ¥12,900,000、Indirect Cost: ¥3,870,000)
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| Keywords | 脳の可塑性 / 身体障害 / パラリンピック / 脳再編 / 可塑性 / 障がい / ニューロリハビリテーション / 代償性反応 / 脳 |
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| Outline of Final Research Achievements |
Paralympic athletes can be excellent examples to help us understand how, and to what extent, the human brain reorganizes itself if intensive physical training is provided continuously after an injury. This can help us uncover the hidden potentials of CNS reorganization. In a Paralympic long jumper with unilateral below-knee amputation, we observed unique bilateral activation of the motor cortical area when he was exerting unilateral thigh muscle contractions of the amputated limb. In another study focusing on Paralympic powerlifters, we serendipitously discovered that individuals with complete motor and sensory spinal cord injuries (SCI) often had superior upper-limb motor function compared to those of able-bodied individuals as well as wheelchair users who have other types of lower-limb impairments and/or incomplete SCI.
Both use-dependent plasticity and compensatory adaptation were hypothesized to underly the observed inferior motor function in their upper-limbs.
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| Academic Significance and Societal Importance of the Research Achievements |
パラリンピアンの脳を調べることで、人間の脳がそもそもどの程度の再編能力を有するのか、その可能性を知る事ができる。この視点から、様々な障害特性を有する様々な競技者の脳機能と構造を調べた。その結果、パラリンピアンの脳には障害及び競技特性に応じたユニークな再編が生じる事が明らかとなった。これをもたらす要因は障害に依存する脳の可塑的変化と競技特有なトレーニングに依存する可塑的変化であると考えられる。今後、その詳細な作用機序を明らかにすることで効果的・効率的なリハビリテーションプログラムやスポーツトレーニングへの応用が可能となると期待される。
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Report
(5 results)
Research Products
(17 results)
